Molecular Determinants, Clinical Manifestations and Effects of Immunization on Cardiovascular Health During COVID-19 Pandemic Era- A Review

The novel severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has enveloped the world into an unprecedented pandemic since 2019. Significant damage to multiple organs, such as the lungs and heart, has been extensively reported. Car-diovascular injury by ACE2 downregulation, hypoxia-induced myocardial injury, and systemic inflamma-tory responses complicate the disease. This virus causes multisystem inflammatory syndrome in chil-dren with similar symptoms to adult SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis. While several treatment strate-gies and immunization programs have been imple-mented to control the menace of this disease, the risk of long-term cardiovascular damage associated with the disease has not been adequately assessed. In this review, we surveyed and summarized all the available information on the effects of COVID-19 on cardiovas-cular health as well as comorbidities. We also exam-ined several case reports on post-immunization cardiovascular complications. (Curr Probl Cardiol 2023;48:101250.)

Automated summary

Since 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused an unprecedented pandemic worldwide. It has led to significant damage to multiple organs, including the lungs and heart. The disease is complicated by cardiovascular injury, hypoxia-induced myocardial injury, and systemic inflammatory responses. This review examines the impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health, comorbidities, and post-immunization cardiovascular complications.