4.3 Review

Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: clinically relevant?

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Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is the Most Atherogenic Lipoprotein Parameter in the Prospective Framingham Offspring Study

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Summary: This study showed that small dense LDL-C, direct LDL-C, and lipoprotein(a) are significantly associated with ASCVD risk, with small dense LDL being the most atherogenic lipoprotein parameter.

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Christina Kanonidou

Summary: Various methods exist for the analysis of LDL subfractions and the measurement of sdLDL particle characteristics, with ultracentrifugation, gradient gel electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy, and homogeneous assay being common. While there is no gold standard, ultracentrifugation and GGE are established techniques, while NMR and homogeneous assay are rapid and high-throughput options. However, none of the proposed equations for calculated sdLDL determination have been sufficiently validated for clinical use.

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