Saturated Fat and Cardiovascular Health: Phenotype and Dietary Factors Influencing Interindividual Responsiveness

Purpose of Review Recent inconsistencies in nutrition research studies examining the influence of saturated fat (SFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have led to substantial scientific debate and increased public confusion. This review will summarize metabolic characteristics and food-based factors that underlie interindividual responsiveness to SFA consumption. Recent Findings The magnitude of postprandial blood lipid responses to SFA intake is dependent on a number of individual factors including age, sex, and adiposity status. Further, the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix within which they are contained. Importantly, results from research examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk should be interpreted with consideration of the comparator nutrient (i.e., carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat). A more nuanced understanding of the multitude of factors mediating the influence of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk might help resolve the current controversy and inform more precise personalized recommendations for future dietary guidelines.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the effects of saturated fat (SFA) intake on individual metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The individual response to SFA intake is influenced by factors such as age, sex, and adiposity status, while the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix. When examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk, comparison with other nutrients is important, and a better understanding of the factors mediating the effects of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk can help provide more personalized dietary recommendations.