Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Acute COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Immunoassay

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Plasma Antigen for Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Hannah Wang et al.

Summary: This study found that the concentration of nucleocapsid antigen in plasma is associated with the severity of COVID-19, particularly with ICU admission. Antigenemia showed comparable diagnostic performance to upper respiratory NAAT, aiding in triaging patients for optimized intensive care utilization.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Ultrasensitive assay for saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

Annie Ren et al.

Summary: This study reports a saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay with high sensitivity and concordance with PCR tests. This method is especially valuable when frequent swab testing may be problematic.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen and RNA Concentrations in Nasopharyngeal Samples from Children and Adults Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Antigen Assay

Nira R. Pollock et al.

Summary: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR is sensitive, but the utility of detecting samples with high C-T values remains controversial. A new ultrasensitive immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid showed high sensitivity in samples with C-T values of <35, providing insight into the performance of Ag RDTs for COVID-19 diagnosis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

Summary: Comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C and COVID-19 can help distinguish between the two conditions and improve health outcomes. Patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement were identified in this case series, providing valuable information for differentiation of MIS-C and COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Ultra-sensitive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Upper Respiratory Samples

Hannah Wang et al.

Summary: The ultra-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen assay showed high agreement with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in respiratory specimens. This high-throughput alternative could be valuable for COVID-19 diagnosis.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

N-protein presents early in blood, dried blood and saliva during asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Dandan Shan et al.

Summary: The study introduces a highly sensitive Simoa immunoassay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in venous and dried capillary blood as well as saliva, showing good performance in symptomatic, asymptomatic, and pre-symptomatic PCR+ individuals.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Virology

Molecular biology of the SARs-CoV-2 spike protein: A review of current knowledge

Chaogeng Zhu et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 146 million confirmed cases, with no established treatment available for patients. Understanding the infectivity and pathogenicity mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the S protein, is crucial for developing intervention strategies. Insights from the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein may pave the way for more effective strategies against the ongoing pandemic.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is driven by zonulin-dependent loss of gut mucosal barrier

Lael M. Yonker et al.

Summary: In children with MIS-C, prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract led to the release of zonulin, a biomarker of intestinal permeability, and subsequent trafficking of SARS-CoV-2 antigens into the bloodstream, resulting in hyperinflammation. Treatment with larazotide, a zonulin antagonist, reduced plasma SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen levels and inflammatory markers in a patient with MIS-C, leading to clinical improvement beyond current available treatments. These mechanistic insights provide potential targets for diagnosing, treating, and preventing MIS-C in children.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

HLA class I-associated expansion of TRBV11-2 T cells in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Rebecca A. Porritt et al.

Summary: Our study found a significant expansion of TCR beta variable gene 11-2 (TRBV11-2) in MIS-C patients, with extensive junctional diversity observed in the expanded TRBV11-2 clones. This expansion was correlated with the severity of MIS-C and serum cytokine levels, suggesting a novel mechanism of T cell expansion independent of CDR3. Additionally, in silico modeling indicated a potential interaction between the V beta chain encoded by TRBV11-2 and the superantigen-like motif of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, possibly mediating T cell expansion and activation in MIS-C patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal