Influence of buccal emergence profile designs on peri-implant tissues: A randomized controlled trial

Background The prosthetic emergence profile design might be an important factor in postsurgical mucosal recession etiology. Therefore, a restorative buccal emergence profile designed correctly might reduce gingival margin recession. Purpose To compare the marginal gingival level and the width/height (W/H) ratio between two profile configurations of single implant-supported restorations at molar sites. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients requiring a single mandibular molar tooth replacement with supracrestal mucosal thickness >= 2 mm were recruited and randomly assigned to a prosthesis buccal emergence profile design based on the buccal mucosal W/H ratio (Test Group) or maintained the original emergence profile of the healing abutment (Control Group). Assessments were made before delivery of the definitive restoration (T0), at prosthesis placement (T1), one (T2), and 12 (T3) months after loading. The gingival margin level change (oGM), initial emergence angle, buccal mucosal W/H ratio, marginal bone loss (MBL), implant failure, and complications were assessed. Results The gingival recession in the test group (0.13 +/- 0.32 mm) was significantly lower than in the control group (0.63 +/- 0.38 mm) at T3 (p = 0.006). The initial emergence angle in the test group (31.4 +/- 7.22 degrees) was significantly lower than the control group (40.0 +/- 7.60 degrees) (p = 0.025). The W/H ratio in the test group at T2 was significantly higher than at T0 but remained stable thereafter. The W/H ratio presented a continued rising trend in the control group. Conclusions When the initial supracrestal soft tissue thickness was >= 2 mm, a restorative emergence profile based on the W/H ratio significantly reduced gingival margin recession. An emergence angle of 32.4 degrees showed better behavior in maintaining the gingival margin than 40 degrees. Clinical Trial Registration Number ChiCTR190002210.

Automated summary

This study aimed to compare the marginal gingival level and the width/height (W/H) ratio between two different profile configurations in single implant-supported restorations at molar sites. The results showed that a restorative emergence profile designed based on the W/H ratio significantly reduced gingival margin recession, and an emergence angle of 32.4 degrees exhibited better behavior in maintaining the gingival margin.