期刊
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
卷 49, 期 8, 页码 836-847出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13671
关键词
apoptosis; atypical antipsychotics; side effects; therapeutic effects; typical antipsychotics
资金
- VEGA grant of the Slovak Academy of Sciences [2/0037/19]
- Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-15-0037]
Antipsychotics are commonly used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. They have various pharmacological effects and can induce both desirable and undesirable consequences, including neurotoxicity and potential harm to fetal brains. Some antipsychotics have shown apoptotic effects on cancer cells, suggesting their potential use in cancer treatment.
Antipsychotics are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Generally, they are divided into typical and atypical ones, according to the fact that atypical antipsychotics induce fewer side effects and are more effective in terms of social and cognitive improvements. Their pharmacological effects are mediated via broad range of receptors that consequently influence different cellular signalling pathways. Antipsychotics produce undesirable side effects that range from relatively minor to life threatening. In vitro and in vivo studies have pointed to neurotoxic effect exerted by some antipsychotics and have shown that apoptosis might play role in some side effects induced by antipsychotics, including tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, agranulocytosis, osteoporosis, myocarditis, etc. Although cumulative data have suggested safety of atypical antipsychotics use during pregnancy, some of them have been shown to induce apoptotic neurodegenerative and structural changes in fetal brains with long-lasting impact on cognitive impairment of offspring. Typical antipsychotics seem to be more cytotoxic than atypical ones. Recently, epidemiological studies have shown lower incidence of cancer in schizophrenic patients that suggest the ability of antipsychotics to suppress risk of cancer development. Some antipsychotics have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis. Therefore, antipsychotics apoptotic effect may be used as a tool in the treatment of some types of cancer, especially in combinatorial therapies. In this mini-review, we focused on pro- and antiapoptotic or 'Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' effects of antipsychotics, which can be involved in their side effects, as well as their promising therapeutic indications.
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