Lithium storage properties of Ti3C2Tx (Tx = F, Cl, Br) MXenes

In this work, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with -F, -Cl and -Br surface terminations are synthesized and the effect of these halogen terminations on the lithium storage properties is investigated. A maximum Li + storage capacity of 189 mAh/g is achieved with Ti 3 C 2 Br x MXene much higher than Ti 3 C 2 Cl x and Ti 3 C 2 F x with 138 mAh/g and 123 mAh/g, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the adsorption formation energy of halogen atoms on Ti atoms follows the trend of Ti-F > Ti-Cl > Ti-Br, leading to the same trend in the content of terminations on corresponding MXenes. In addition, inevitable exposure of MXene to oxygen causes competition between halogen and oxygen. Theoretical results show Ti 3 C 2 Br x MXene has the highest Ti to O ratio and the lowest Ti to Br ratio, the high lithium affinity of O explains the maximum Li-ion storage capacity with Ti 3 C 2 Br x MXene. This work shed light on the opportunity for achieving improved lithium storage properties of MXene electrodes by regulating the surface chemistry.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Automated summary

Ti3C2Tx MXene with -F, -Cl, and -Br terminations were synthesized, and their effects on lithium storage properties were studied. Ti3C2Brx MXene exhibited the highest lithium storage capacity of 189 mAh/g, followed by Ti3C2Clx with 138 mAh/g and Ti3C2Fx with 123 mAh/g. Theoretical calculations revealed that the adsorption formation energy of halogen atoms on Ti atoms followed the trend of Ti-F > Ti-Cl > Ti-Br, which correlated with the surface terminations on MXenes. The exposure of MXene to oxygen resulted in a competition between halogen and oxygen, and Ti3C2Brx MXene showed the highest Ti to O ratio and the lowest Ti to Br ratio, explaining its superior lithium storage capacity. This work provides insights into improving the lithium storage properties of MXene electrodes through surface chemistry regulation.