The gut-brain axis goes viral

Article Microbiology

Caudovirales bacteriophages are associated with improved executive function and memory in flies, mice, and humans

Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs et al.

Summary: Growing evidence suggests a connection between the gut microbiome and cognition, with viruses as a commonly overlooked component of the gut virome. This study found that higher levels of Caudovirales and Siphoviridae in the gut microbiome were associated with better executive processes and verbal memory, while increased Microviridae levels were linked to greater impairment in executive abilities. Transplanting microbiota with specific high levels of Caudovirales resulted in improved memory performance in mice and up-regulated memory-promoting genes in the prefrontal cortex. Adding lactococcal Siphoviridae phages to the diet of fruit flies also enhanced memory scores and upregulated memory-related brain genes. These findings suggest that bacteriophages play a role in the microbiome-brain axis.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Longitudinal Analysis Suggests Epstein--Barr as Cause of Multiple Sclerosis

[Anonymous]

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis

Kjetil Bjornevik et al.

Summary: This study suggests that multiple sclerosis may be caused by Epstein-Barr virus, with no direct association with other viral infections. These findings provide clues to the primary cause of MS.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Microbiology

The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Livia H. Morais et al.

Summary: This Review discusses the intricate and potentially important connections between the gut microbiota and the brain, involving bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in microbial communities may be implicated in neurological disorders, with animal models providing valuable insights into the pathways linking the gut and the brain which could have tangible impacts on human health.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Progress and prospects of the healthy human gut virome

Stephen R. Stockdale et al.

Summary: Not all viruses associated with humans cause disease, with nonpathogenic human-infecting viruses playing a role in immune system induction and preparation. Phages infecting bacteria are key predators in the human microbial ecosystem, contributing to bacterial diversity. Analyses of the human gut virome and microbiome are uncovering the complex dynamics of phage-bacteria interaction and their interplay with the human host.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Microbiology

Microbiome Management for the 21st Century and Beyond

Andrew J. Hryckowian

Summary: The article discusses the impacts of microbiomes on human biology and the limitations of current microbiome management methods, proposing the use of diet and bacteriophages as new approaches. These methods may have positive effects on restoring a healthy microbiome, but there are still many unknowns regarding long-term treatment outcomes and mechanisms.

MSYSTEMS (2021)

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Review Microbiology