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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: Recent surveillance has identified the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which carries up to 36 mutations in the spike protein and has the potential to evade vaccine-induced immunity. This study found that individuals vaccinated with mRNA vaccines exhibited strong neutralization of the Omicron variant, while most vaccinees had weak neutralization. The study also revealed that the Omicron variant infects more efficiently than other tested variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengcheng Han et al.
Summary: The study found that the omicron variant, unlike other variants, has a similar affinity to the human receptor ACE2 as the prototype variant. Multiple mutations in the omicron variant may compensate for both immune escape and transmissibility. The complex structures of the omicron and delta variants binding to ACE2 provide insights into how specific mutations affect the binding.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Meng et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 and can evade neutralizing antibodies more effectively compared to the Delta variant. A third dose of mRNA vaccine can provide enhanced protection. Omicron has lower replication in lung and gut cells and less efficiently cleaves its spike protein compared to Delta.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huiping Shuai et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 shows reduced replication ability in human cells and attenuated pathogenicity in mice compared with the wild-type strain and other variants. It has lower efficiency in using TMPRSS2 and causes the lowest reduction in body weight and mortality rate among the tested strains.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raquel Viana et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rigel Suzuki et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in several countries and has shown lower fusogenicity and attenuated pathogenicity compared to the Delta variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Halfmann et al.
Summary: The recent study by the SAVE/NIAID network shows that the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant causes milder lung disease in rodents, which is consistent with preliminary human clinical data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akatsuki Saito et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the B.1.617.2/Delta variant has been found to be highly fusogenic and more pathogenic in infected hamsters compared to prototypic SARS-CoV-2. The P681R mutation in the spike protein of this variant enhances viral fusogenicity and pathogenicity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura A. VanBlargan et al.
Summary: The emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant raises concerns about the efficacy of antibody countermeasures. This study shows that some of the antibodies currently in clinical use may lose their ability to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emi Takashita et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Izumi Kimura et al.
Summary: This study reveals the increased infectivity and antibody evasion mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant using pseudoviruses. The spike protein of the Lambda variant is more infectious than other variants due to specific mutations, and the RSYLTPGD246-253N mutation is responsible for antibody evasion and enhanced infection.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leyun Wu et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harald S. Vohringer et al.
Summary: The study analyzed the dynamics of different lineages in English local authorities using real-time genomic data. The findings showed significant fluctuations in transmissibility and proportions of different variants over time, with Delta variant rapidly increasing in early summer 2021.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Keiya Uriu et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seiya Ozono et al.
Summary: The naturally occurring mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can affect cell entry, with the D614G mutation resulting in increased cell entry and maintaining susceptibility to neutralization by antisera against prototypic viruses. Further global surveillance is needed to understand the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jiri Zahradnik et al.
Summary: By enhancing the yeast display method through multiple rounds of DNA and protein engineering, the researchers introduced a new platform with optimized fluorescent reporters and high-expression proteins. The optimized system showed improved separation and higher expression signals across a variety of proteins, demonstrating the applicability of yeast display for various applications.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Shiho Torii et al.
Summary: A PCR-based, bacterium-free method has been developed to generate SARS-CoV-2 infectious clones, allowing for a better understanding of the virus through the construction of reporter and mutant viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ben Jackson et al.
Summary: The study identified multiple independent origins of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 viruses in the United Kingdom, showing similarities to the B.1.1.7 variant but also some unique features. Evidence suggested that these viruses have the capability of transmission.
Article
Microbiology
Chihiro Motozono et al.
Summary: Research has shown that certain mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape HLA-restricted cellular immunity, increase affinity for host cells, promote viral replication, and potentially affect the evolution of viral phenotypes.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 variant from India with key mutations L452R and E484Q shows reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies elicited by the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, similar to the effect of L452R or E484Q mutations alone.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jiri Zahradnik et al.
Summary: In vitro evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain successfully generated a high-affinity variant effective in inhibiting virus infection. Mutations present in more transmissible viruses were preferentially selected, and increased affinity to ACE2 was positively correlated with the incidence of RBD mutations in the population. The study also identified mutations with potential higher infectivity, and the high-affinity RBD variant showed efficacy in inhibiting infection in vitro and reducing clinical disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miao-Miao Zhao et al.
Summary: CTSL plays a crucial role in COVID-19 patients, with its levels positively correlated with disease severity. Research showed that CTSL promotes SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into cells, and the CTSL inhibitor amantadine can inhibit this process, providing a direction for the development of new anti-COVID-19 drugs.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Philip V'kovski et al.
Summary: This review discusses key aspects of coronavirus biology and their implications for SARS-CoV-2 infections, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding virus-host interactions at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Summarizing the discoveries of SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparing it with other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and combat strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fan Wu et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shutoku Matsuyama et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seiya Ozono et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Virology
Mizuki Yamamoto et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Heng Li
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shifu Chen et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alexandros Stamatakis
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Remco Bouckaert et al.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Cingolani et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Salvador Capella-Gutierrez et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Heng Li et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Heng Li et al.