Establishment and validation of a novel invasion-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is an invasive gynaecologic cancer with a high cancer-related death rate. The purpose of this study was to establish an invasion-related multigene signature to predict the prognostic risk of OC. Methods We extracted 97 invasion-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, the ConsensusClusterPlus and limma packages were used to calculate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To calculate the immune scores of the molecular subtypes, we used ESTIMATE to evaluate the stromal score, immune score and ESTIMATE score. MCP-counter and the GSVA package ssgsea were used to evaluate the types of infiltrating immune cells. Survival and nomogram analyses were performed to explore the prognostic value of the signature. Finally, qPCR, immunohistochemistry staining and functional assays were used to evaluate the expression and biological abilities of the signature genes in OC. Results Based on the consistent clustering of invasion-related genes, cases in the OC datasets were divided into two subtypes. A significant difference was observed in prognosis between the two subtypes. Most genes were highly expressed in the C1 group. Based on the C1 group genes, we constructed an invasion-related 6-gene prognostic risk model. Furthermore, to verify the signature, we used the TCGA-test and GSE32062 and GSE17260 chip datasets for testing and finally obtained a good risk prediction effect in those datasets. Moreover, the results of the qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining assays revealed that KIF26B, VSIG4 and COL6A6 were upregulated and that FOXJ1, MXRA5 and CXCL9 were downregulated in OC tissues. The functional study showed that the expression of KIF26B, VSIG4, COL6A6, FOXJ1, MXRA5 and CXCL9 can regulate the migration and invasion abilities of OC cells. Conclusion We developed a 6-gene prognostic stratification system (FOXJ1, MXRA5, KIF26B, VSIG4, CXCL9 and COL6A6) that is independent of clinical features. These results suggest that the signature could potentially be used to evaluate the prognostic risk of OC patients.

Automated summary

This study established an invasion-related multigene signature to predict the prognostic risk of ovarian cancer. A 6-gene prognostic risk model was constructed and shown to be independent of clinical features. This signature has the potential to evaluate the prognostic risk of ovarian cancer patients.