The translational challenges of precision oncology

The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are in part related to the biological complexity and diversity of this disease. Technological advances in genomics have facilitated large sequencing efforts and discoveries that have further supported this notion. In this review, we reflect on the impact of these dis-coveries on our understanding of several concepts: cancer initiation, cancer prevention, early detection, adjuvant therapy and minimal residual disease monitoring, cancer drug resistance, and cancer evolution in metastasis. We discuss key areas of focus for improving cancer outcomes, from biological insights to clinical application, and suggest where the development of these technologies will lead us. Finally, we discuss practical challenges to the wider adoption of molecular profiling in the clinic and the need for robust translational infrastructure.

Automated summary

The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are partly due to the complexity and diversity of cancer. Advances in genomics have enabled large-scale sequencing efforts and discoveries, impacting our understanding of cancer initiation, prevention, treatment, and other concepts. Key areas for improving cancer outcomes are discussed, along with the practical challenges of adopting molecular profiling in clinical settings and the need for robust translational infrastructure.