Comparison of different thresholds of PSA density for risk stratification of PI-RADSv2.1 categories on prostate MRI

Objectives: To compare the effect of different PSA density (PSAD) thresholds on the accuracy for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) of the Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System v.2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1). Methods: We retrospectively included 123 biopsy-naive men who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transperineal mpMRI-targeted and systematic prostate biopsy between April 2019 and October 2020. mpMRI, obtained on a 3.0T magnet with a PI-RADSv2.1-compliant protocol, was read by two radiologists (>1500/>500 mpMRI examinations). csPCa was defined as International Society of Urogenital Pathology grading group >= 2. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate per-index lesion sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of PI-RADSv.2.1 categories after adjusting for PSAD >= 0.10,>= 0.15, and >= 0.20 ng/mL ml(-1). Per-adjusted category cancer detection rate (CDR) was calculated, and decision analysis performed to compare PSAD-adjusted PI-RADSv.2.1 categories as a biopsy trigger. Results: csPCa prevalence was 43.9%. PSAD-adjustment increased the CDR of PI--RADSv2.1 category 4. Sensitivity/specificity/AUC were 92.6%/53.6%/0.82 for unadjusted PI-RADS, and 85.2%/72.4%/0.84, 62.9%/85.5%/0.83, and 92.4%/53.6%/0.82 when adjusting PI-RADS categories for a 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ng/ml ml(-1) PSAD threshold, respectively. Triggering biopsy for PI-RADS four lesions and PSAD >= 0.10 ng/mL ml(-1) was the strategy with greatest net benefit at 30 and 40% risk probability (0.307 and 0.271, respectively). Conclusions: PI-RADSv2.1 category four with PSAD >= 0.10 ng/mL ml(-1) was the biopsy-triggering cut-off with the highest net benefit in the range of expected prevalence for csPCa. Advances in knowledge: 0.10 ng/mL ml(-1) is the PSAD threshold with higher clinical utility in stratifying the risk for prostate cancer of PI-RADSv.2.1 categories.

Automated summary

This study compared the impact of different PSA density (PSAD) thresholds on the accuracy of the Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System v.2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1) in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The results showed that PI-RADSv2.1 category four with PSAD >= 0.10 ng/mL ml(-1) was the biopsy-triggering cut-off with the highest net benefit within the expected prevalence range for csPCa.