Dietary inflammatory index, inflammation biomarkers and preeclampsia risk: a hospital-based case-control study

This study evaluated the association between inflammatory diets as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory index (DII), inflammation biomarkers and the development of preeclampsia among the Chinese population. We followed the reporting guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement for observational studies. A total of 466 preeclampsia cases aged over 18 years were recruited between March 2016 and June 2019, and 466 healthy controls were 1:1 ratio matched by age (+/- 3 years), week of gestation (+/- 1 week) and gestational diabetes mellitus. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a seventy-nine item semiquantitative FFQ. Inflammatory biomarkers were analysed by ELISA kits. The mean E-DII scores were -0 center dot 65 +/- 1 center dot 58 for cases and -1 center dot 19 +/- 1 center dot 47 for controls (P value < 0 center dot 001). E-DII scores positively correlated with interferon-gamma (r ( s ) = 0 center dot 194, P value = 0 center dot 001) and IL-4 (r ( s ) = 0 center dot 135, P value = 0 center dot 021). After multivariable adjustment, E-DII scores were positively related to preeclampsia risk (P (trend) < 0 center dot 001). The highest tertile of E-DII was 2 center dot 18 times the lowest tertiles (95 % CI = 1 center dot 52, 3 center dot 13). The odds of preeclampsia increased by 30 % (95 % CI = 18 %, 43 %, P value < 0 center dot 001) for each E-DII score increase. The preeclampsia risk was positively associated with IL-2 (OR = 1 center dot 07, 95 % CI = 1 center dot 03, 1 center dot 11), IL-4 (OR = 1 center dot 26, 95 % CI = 1 center dot 03, 1 center dot 54) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) (OR = 1 center dot 17, 95 % CI = 1 center dot 06, 1 center dot 29). Therefore, proinflammatory diets, corresponding to higher IL-2, IL-4 and TGF-beta levels, were associated with increased preeclampsia risk.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the association between inflammatory diets, inflammation biomarkers, and the development of preeclampsia among the Chinese population. The results showed that proinflammatory diets, corresponding to higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-beta, were associated with increased preeclampsia risk.