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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios Nikolaidis et al.
Summary: Research has shown that coronaviruses have a strong ability for intergenomic recombination, where they can exchange genetic material not only within the same subgenus but also across different CoV genera, other viruses, and even hosts. These events often occur at double crossovers surrounding the Spike ORF, indicating the instability and mobility of this genomic region.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raquel Viana et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: Two different sarbecoviruses have caused major human outbreaks in the past two decades. This study traced the evolutionary history of ACE2 binding in different sarbecoviruses using high-throughput assays. ACE2 binding was found to be an ancestral trait of sarbecovirus receptor-binding domains, but has been lost in some clades. Bat sarbecoviruses from outside Asia were also found to be able to bind to ACE2. The results highlight the deep ancestral origin and evolutionary plasticity of ACE2 binding in sarbecoviruses.
Review
Virology
Grigorios D. Amoutzias et al.
Summary: This review discusses the evolution of the coronavirus subfamily and its importance for human and animal health. The impact of point mutations, insertions/deletions, and recombination events on the evolution of coronaviruses is highlighted. The potential direction for the development of next-generation vaccines and the future evolutionary path of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
Article
Virology
Hongru Wang et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the synonymous divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and related strains, finding that the divergence between bat-derived viruses and SARS-CoV-2 is larger in the RBD compared to GD410721. This supports the hypothesis of recombination between the strains.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erin Brintnell et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have evolved from a common ancestral virus with a bat virus RaTG13 prior to 2013, possessing high binding affinity to the human ACE2 receptor, indicating a latent capacity to infect human cells. This highlights the importance of cataloging and monitoring circulating viruses in human and non-human populations.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Kupferschmidt
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oscar A. MacLean et al.
Summary: The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has undergone limited significant adaptation to humans, with evidence of moderate positive selection concentrated in the early phases of the pandemic. In contrast, bat Sarbecoviruses show evidence of significant positive selection and an adaptive depletion in CpG composition. This indicates that the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 likely acquired efficient human-human transmission capabilities through evolutionary history in bats, leading to the emergence of a relatively generalist virus.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Devika Singh et al.
Summary: The genome evolution of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has played a crucial role in the development of COVID-19, with evidence of ancestral recombination events and natural selection. The spike protein of the virus shows significant signs of evolutionary processes, facilitating its spillover from other animals to humans. The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has increased mutational variability in its genome, potentially leading to future recombination events.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jianhui Nie et al.
Summary: The infectivity and antigenicity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, pangolin coronaviruses, and bat RaTG13 differ, with pangolin coronaviruses showing infectivity towards porcine cells potentially linked to an amino acid difference at the 498 position of the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated by Furin and TMPRSS2, while pangolin coronaviruses rely on Cathepsin L. Extensive cross-neutralization was observed between SARS-CoV-2 and PCoV-GD, whereas minimal cross-neutralization was found with PCoV-GX.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zhou et al.
Summary: A study in Yunnan province, China, found the existence of bat coronaviruses related to both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, with RpYN06 virus being the closest relative of SARS-CoV-2. Ecological modeling predicted the co-existence of up to 23 Rhinolophus bat species, with the largest hot-spots extending from South Laos and Vietnam to southern China. The study highlights the remarkable diversity of bat coronaviruses at the local scale.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edward C. Holmes et al.
Summary: This article critically reviews the current scientific evidence to help clarify the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Recent debate has centered around two competing ideas: a laboratory escape scenario and zoonotic emergence.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Spyros Lytras et al.
Review
Virology
Jalen Singh et al.
Summary: This review examines the origins of all known human coronaviruses, the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2, and the emerging mutations within SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. It also highlights the impact of these mutations on virus transmission, pathogenicity, and neutralization by natural or vaccine-mediated immunity.
Article
Virology
Xuhua Xia
Summary: Dating studies for SARS-CoV-2 using a large phylogenetic tree with over 86,000 genomes revealed that the most recent common ancestor was dated to August 16, 2019, with an estimated evolutionary rate of 0.05526 mutations/genome/day. The Pearson correlation coefficient between root-to-tip distance and collection time was 0.86295, indicating a strong correlation.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Harald Brussow et al.
Summary: Medical reports from late 19th century Britain and Germany on patients with the 1889-1891 Russian flu show similarities with COVID-19, such as multisystem affections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms, and a protracted recovery. Mortality was higher in elderly subjects, while children were less affected. Trans-species infection between pet animals or horses and humans was also noted, possibly linked to a broad host range bovine coronavirus around 1890.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Li-li Li et al.
Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 related virus, provisionally named PrC31, was discovered in bat samples from Yunnan province, China. This virus showed high nucleotide identities to SARS-CoV-2 and a common ancestor with it in evolutionary history. Recombination analysis revealed multiple complex recombination events in PrC31 involving SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineages.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hongru Wang et al.
Summary: Human SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closer to bat-derived viruses than pangolin-derived strains, supporting the recombination hypothesis. However, the high synonymous divergence between pangolin strain and SARS-CoV-2 suggests a recombination event into bat-derived viruses. Additionally, there is a significant increase in nonsynonymous mutations in current pandemic strains, indicating a negative impact on viral fitness.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Zhou et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zhou et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sampath K. Loganathan et al.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Konstantinos Voskarides
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kangpeng Xiao et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristian G. Andersen et al.
Article
Microbiology
Maciej F. Boni et al.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
James Hadfield et al.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jemma L. Geoghegan et al.
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Worobey et al.
Article
Biology
PM Sharp et al.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2001)