Use of xanthan gum for whole cell immobilization and its impact in bioremediation-a review

Xanthan gum is one of the exo-polysaccharides produced by bacteria and is characterized by unique nonNewtonian properties. Its structure and conformation strongly depend on the fermentation conditions and such factors as temperature and ions concentration. The properties of the xanthan gum were appreciated in the controlled drug delivery but in the crosslinked form. Due to its ability to enhance the survival rate of immobilized bacteria, the potential of a crosslinked form is promising. Unfortunately, xanthan gum crosslinking procedures often require toxic substances or harsh environmental conditions, which cannot be used in the entrapment of living cells. In this study, we summarised a crosslinking method that could potentially be modified to reduce its toxicity to living cells. Moreover, this review also includes using xanthan gum in bioremediation studies and possible utilization methods to avoid carrier accumulation in the environment.

Automated summary

Xanthan gum, a exo-polysaccharide produced by bacteria, possesses unique non-Newtonian properties whose structure and conformation are greatly influenced by fermentation conditions, temperature, and ion concentration. While the crosslinked form of xanthan gum has shown potential in controlled drug delivery and improving survival rate of immobilized bacteria, current crosslinking procedures often involve toxic substances or harsh environmental conditions, limiting their use in live cell entrapment. This study summarizes a potentially less toxic crosslinking method and explores the utilization of xanthan gum in bioremediation studies and methods to prevent carrier accumulation in the environment.