Progress and perspective of organoid technology in cancer-related translational medicine

Organoids are in vitro simplified and miniature microcosms of internal organs, which have aroused great interest in tissue development, multiple disease models, clinical diagnosis, as well as high-throughput drug screening and personalized medicine and so on. The success of physiology-related organoid culture has greatly advanced the translational medicine research in the field of cancer treatment, which was once troubled by the inconsistency between two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and in vivo studies. Especially in recent years, the success rate of establish an organoid has been greatly improved, and the types of organoids have been gradually enriched. Moreover, the utilizing of some the cutting-edge technologies, including gene editing technology such as CRISPRCas9, the scope of application of organoid is broadened. In this review, we discuss the latest progress and applications of organoids, and also outline the potential challenges of organoids for future improvement.

Automated summary

The simplified and miniature microcosms called organoids have garnered great interest for their potential applications in tissue development, disease models, clinical diagnosis, drug screening, and personalized medicine. The success of organoid culture has greatly advanced translational medicine research, particularly in cancer treatment, by overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cell culture. The establishment success rate and diversity of organoids have also been significantly improved, and the application scope has been expanded with the use of cutting-edge technologies such as CRISPRCas9 gene editing.