Genomic and epigenomic profile of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, and its incidence has been steadily increasing. Advances in sequencing have allowed analysis of the entire cancer genome, and has provided new information on the genetic lesions and modifi-cations responsible for the onset, progression, dedifferentiation and metastasis of thyroid carcinomas. Moreover, integrated ge-nomics has advanced our understanding of the development of cancer and its behavior, and has facilitated the identification of new genetic mutations and molecular pathways. The functional analysis of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and non-coding RNAs, have contributed to define new regulatory mechanisms that control cell malignancy in thyroid cancer, especially aggressive forms. Here we review the most recent advances in genomics and epigenomics of thyroid cancer, which have resulted in a new classification and interpre-tation of the initiation and progression of thyroid tumors, providing new tools and opportunities for further investigation and for the clinical development of new treatment strategies.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Thyroid cancer, the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, has seen increasing incidence. Recent advances in genomics and epigenomics have provided new insights into the development and progression of thyroid cancer, offering opportunities for further research and clinical treatment strategies.