Clinical Manifestations and Surgical Management of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Beyond the NCCN Guidelines

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon peripheral T cell lymphoma arising in response to textured-surface breast implants. Frequently, BIA-ALCL is indolent and typically presents with peri-implant swelling after breast reconstruction or cosmetic augmentation. However, patients can present with an invasive breast or chest wall mass, palpable lymphadenopathy, or metastatic disease. The current literature is limited regarding surgical recommendations for patients with a more aggressive presentation of BIA-ALCL. This report aims to review the various clinical manifestations of BIA-ALCL, including the more advanced and less frequently encountered presentations, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach, with early involvement of a surgical oncologist.

Automated summary

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare lymphoma that arises in response to textured-surface breast implants. It typically presents as swelling around the implant after breast reconstruction or cosmetic augmentation, but can also manifest as invasive masses or enlarged lymph nodes. There is currently limited surgical guidance for patients with more aggressive BIA-ALCL presentations.