Counterion-Paired Bright Heptamethine Fluorophores with NIR-II Excitation and Emission Enable Multiplexed Biomedical Imaging

Photon excitation and emission at the NIR-II spectral window enable high-contrast deep-tissue bioimaging. However, multiplexed imaging with NIR-II excitation and emission has been hampered by the limited chemical strategies to develop bright fluorophores with tunable absorption in this spectral regime. Herein, we developed a series of heptamethine cyanines (HCs) with varied absorption/emission maxima spanning from 1100 to 1600 nm through a physical organic approach. A bulky counterion paired to HCs was found to elicit substantial improvements in absorptivity (7-fold), brightness (14-fold), and spectral profiles in water, addressing a notorious quenching problem of NIR-II cyanines due to aggregation and polarization. We demonstrated the utilities of HC1222 and HC1342 for high-contrast dual-color imaging of circulatory system, lymphatic structures, tumor, and organ function in living mice under 1120 nm and 1319 nm excitation, showing HCs as a promising platform for non-invasive bioimaging.

Automated summary

This study developed a series of heptamethine cyanines with varied absorption/emission maxima in the NIR-II spectral window. The utilization of bulky counterions significantly improved absorptivity, brightness, and spectral profiles in water, addressing the quenching problem of NIR-II cyanines. The developed cyanines showed promising potential for non-invasive bioimaging in various applications.