4.6 Editorial Material

Prolonged Phrenic Nerve Blockade with Liposomal Bupivacaine

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Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Function after Interscalene Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of liposomal bupivacaine on the phrenic nerve. The results of the study showed that patients who received both liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine in an interscalene block had significantly reduced diaphragm excursion and pulmonary function at 24 hours after the block placement. However, this reduction is still within the normal range.

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Perineural Liposomal Bupivacaine Is Not Superior to Nonliposomal Bupivacaine for Peripheral Nerve Block Analgesia A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Summary: The meta-analysis found that perineural liposomal bupivacaine provided a statistically significant but clinically unimportant improvement in the area under the curve of postoperative pain scores compared with nonliposomal local anesthetic. However, when excluding an industry-sponsored trial, this difference became nonsignificant, and no additional benefits to liposomal bupivacaine in pain severity, analgesic consumption, time to first analgesic request, opioid-related side effects, patient satisfaction, length of hospital stay, and functional recovery were observed. High-quality evidence does not support the superiority of perineural liposomal bupivacaine over nonliposomal bupivacaine for peripheral nerve blocks.

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Pain management in shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Summary: Interscalene blocks are superior to local injections alone for pain management after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Single-shot interscalene blocks are optimal for reducing early postoperative pain (< 24 hours), while pain at 24-48 hours after surgery may be best managed with continuous interscalene blocks or a combination of a single-shot interscalene block with a local liposomal bupivacaine injection.

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Clinical effect of normal saline injectate into interscalene nerve block catheters given within one hour of local anesthetic bolus on analgesia and hemidiaphragmatic paralysis

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Summary: In this study, using normal saline to wash out local anesthetic from interscalene nerve block catheters did not significantly reverse hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, but more patients in the intervention group had partial paralysis. There were no significant differences in pain scores, PACU opioid consumption, and brachial plexus motor and sensory examinations between the two groups.

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