Title: Effects of Antibiotics on Respiratory Symptoms in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients With Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Context Patients in the terminal stages of cancer are frequently affected by infection, especially pneumonia; but the effects of antibiotics on respiratory symptoms and factors associated with improvement are still unclear. Objectives This study aimed to clarify the effects of antibiotics on respiratory symptoms of terminally ill cancer patients with pneumonia, and to explore factors associated with the improvement. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in which we consecutively recruited terminally ill cancer patients diagnosed with pneumonia and treated with antibiotics at one of 23 palliative care units across Japan. At the baseline and Day 3, primarily responsible palliative care specialists recorded patient backgrounds, the results of physical and laboratory examination, and patient symptoms using the Support Team Assessment Schedule. Improvement was defined as improvement of dyspnea, cough, and sputum production on Day 3. Results Among all 1896 patients admitted during the study periods, 137 patients (7.2%) were enrolled into this study. Improvement was achieved in 65 patients (47.4%; 95% confidence intervals, 39-56). Univariate analyses revealed that the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen requirement were significantly associated with the improvement. A multiple logistic regression analysis identified that PPI score of <= 6 and RR of <20 were independently associated with the improvement (odds ratios, 4.4 [1.6-12] and 2.5 [1.1-5.5], respectively). Conclusion Antibiotics may relieve respiratory symptoms from pneumonia in approximately half of the terminally ill cancer patients. PPI and respiratory rate are useful to identify the patients who received benefits of antibiotics.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotics on respiratory symptoms of terminally ill cancer patients with pneumonia and identify the factors associated with improvement. The study found that antibiotics can alleviate respiratory symptoms in approximately half of the terminally ill cancer patients with pneumonia, and the Palliative Prognostic Index and respiratory rate are useful indicators for identifying patients who benefit from antibiotics.