Construct validation of the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire (RISE-Q) and the development of the RISE-Q-15

Consumers vary in the explanations they give for meal termination. The Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire (RISE-Q) was developed to measure these satiation processes. Individual differences in satiation may be associated with a general capacity to recognise and respond to contextual and interoceptive cues. The aims of the present study were to validate the factor structure of the RISE-Q and to explore its construct validity. In particular, we tested the prediction that a latent variable Sensitivity to Internal Satiation Cues is associated with high satiety responsiveness, high scores on the RISE-Q Physical Satisfaction (PS) and Decreased Food Appeal (DFA) scales and a healthy BMI. Participants (n = 216 adults) completed an online survey which included the RISE-Q, Mindful Eating Questionnaire, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ) and self-reported height and weight. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the 5-factor structure of the RISE-Q, but model fit was improved by a new short form (RISE-Q-15) of the questionnaire. Construct validity replicated for most RISE-Q subscales, but not RISE-Q and BMI. Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated that Sensitivity to Internal Satiation Cues was associated with RISE-Q PS but not with the DFA, whereas AEBQ Satiety Responsiveness was associated with DFA, but not with PS. The RISE-Q15 may be more sensitive to specific meal termination behaviours than pre-existing questionnaires, and due to its low participant burden, it provides a useful tool to explore further multiple processes of satiation in various contexts.

Automated summary

The present study aimed to validate the factor structure of the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire (RISE-Q) and explore its construct validity. The results supported the 5-factor structure of the RISE-Q and showed improved model fit with a new short form (RISE-Q-15) of the questionnaire. Construct validity was replicated for most RISE-Q subscales, but not for RISE-Q and BMI. Sensitivity to Internal Satiation Cues was associated with Physical Satisfaction (PS) on the RISE-Q, while Satiety Responsiveness was associated with Decreased Food Appeal (DFA) on the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ). The RISE-Q-15 may be a more sensitive tool to study specific meal termination behaviors, and its low participant burden makes it useful for exploring multiple processes of satiation in various contexts.