Fusions of a carbohydrate binding module with the small cationic hexapeptide RWRWRW confer antimicrobial properties to cellulose-based materials

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a critical worldwide healthcare problem. In the specific case of wound care, new and effective alternatives to currently available solutions are urgently needed. Cellulose-based dressings, for example, could be made more attractive if rendered antimicrobial. This work proposes a new strategy to modify cellulose-based materials with the short antimicrobial hexapeptide MP196 (RWRWRW - NH 2 ) that relies on a biomolecular recognition approach based on carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). Specifically, we focused on the modification of hydrogels, paper, and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with fusions of the CBM3 from Clostridium thermocellum ( C. thermocellum ) with derivatives of MP196. The fusions are prepared by promoting the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys-terminated derivatives of MP196 and a CBM3 that is pre-anchored in the materials. The CBM3MP196-modified materials displayed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) that was significantly higher when compared with the activity of materials prepared by physical adsorption of MP196. The biomolecular strategy provides a more favorable orientation, exposure, and distancing of the peptide from the matrix. This versatile concept provides a toolbox for the functionalization of cellulose materials of different origins and architectures with a broad choice in peptides. Functionalization under mild biological conditions avoids further purification steps, allowing for translational research and multiple applications as drug delivery systems, scaffolds for tissue engineering and biomaterials.

Automated summary

The study proposes a new strategy to modify cellulose-based materials with an antimicrobial peptide MP196 through a biomolecular recognition approach. The modified materials displayed significantly higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus compared to materials prepared by physical adsorption of MP196. The biomolecular strategy provides a versatile concept for the functionalization of cellulose materials for various applications including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.