期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
卷 11, 期 2, 页码 79-90出版社
CHARLES UNIV, FAC MATHEMATICS & PHYSICS
DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2021.9
关键词
carp; fishpond; grazing damage; nature reserve; sediment; Typha angustifolia
资金
- Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia [081/2016/Z]
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [RVO 67985939]
- Regional Office of South Bohemia [KUJCK 43725/2014 OZZL]
This study found that water birds and fish have different impacts on vegetation growth in eutrophic fishponds, with geese and carp potentially damaging the vegetation, posing a threat to the ecosystem within protected areas.
European fishponds can serve as refuges for water birds if the fish stocks are limited, but the effects of other ecological factors on their ecological stability are rarely considered. The aim of this study is to determine the causes of marked dieback of littoral stands dominated by Typha angustifolia L. in a hypertrophic fishpond that is also a valuable water bird reserve. A field study and two experiments were conducted in order to separate the effects of mineral nutrient availability, redox conditions, fish and water birds. The physico-chemical characteristics of the water and sediments confirmed hypertrophic conditions in the fishpond, but a mesocosm experiment did not indicate it had a negative effect on plant growth. On the other hand, a field enclosure experiment showed that in sparse stands, unfenced parts had a significantly smaller shoot density than fenced parts. This was attributed to grazing by greylag geese (Anser anser L.). In addition, damage to belowground parts of plants were ascribed to large individuals of albeit a few large common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). This study highlights a conservation dilemma as large numbers of geese destroy littoral stands in fishpond nature reserves, which then become unsuitable nesting sites for other species of water birds.
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