Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable due to relapse, although the use of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, CD38-targeting antibodies, and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) significantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed MM. In recent years, the introduction of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has brought hope to patients with refractory and relapsed MM. The graft-versus-myeloma effect of allogeneic SCT provides the possibility for curing a subset of MM patients. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and challenges of cellular immunotherapies for MM, focusing on auto-SCT, allogeneic SCT, and CAR T-cell approaches. We also discuss future directions, and propose a specific algorithm for cellular therapies for MM and probability of minimal residual disease-directed therapy.

Automated summary

This article summarizes the recent advances and challenges in cellular immunotherapies for multiple myeloma (MM), including autologous stem cell transplantation, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and CAR T-cell approaches. It also discusses future directions and proposes a specific algorithm for cellular therapies for MM and the probability of minimal residual disease-directed therapy.