One country, two systems: evidence on retirement patterns in China

This paper documents the patterns and correlates of retirement in China using a nationally representative survey, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. After documenting stark differences in retirement ages between urban and rural residents, the paper shows that China's urban residents retire earlier than workers in many Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and that rural residents continue to work until advanced ages. Differences in access to generous pensions and economic resources explain much of the urban-rural difference in retirement rates. The paper suggests that reducing disincentives created by China's Urban Employee Pension system, improving health status, providing childcare and elder care support may all facilitate longer working lives. Given spouse preferences for joint retirement, creating incentives for women to retire later may facilitate longer working lives for both men and women.

Automated summary

This paper explores retirement patterns and correlates in China, revealing that there are notable differences between urban and rural residents. Urban residents retire earlier compared to workers in OECD countries, while rural residents continue working until advanced ages. Access to pensions and economic resources play a significant role in explaining the urban-rural difference in retirement rates. The study suggests that addressing disincentives, improving health, and providing support can encourage longer working lives. Additionally, creating incentives for women to retire later may benefit both genders.