☆ 3.8 Review

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH (2022)

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Summary: After vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, rare immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia can occur due to platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, resulting in various thrombotic events. Most patients in this case series were women, with fatal outcomes such as cerebral venous thrombosis and intracranial hemorrhage. Additional studies are needed to further investigate and understand this phenomenon.

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Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): Targeting Pathomechanisms with Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

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Summary: The study found a higher incidence of cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis (CVT) after ChAdOx1 vaccination in Germany, especially among females. Among the 45 CVT patients, 26 were highly probable cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).

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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis post COVID-19 vaccination; a systematic review

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Summary: CVST and VITT are rare but severe complications following COVID-19 vaccination, with most patients being female. Symptoms typically occur within one week after vaccination, with headache being the primary presenting symptom. Some patients may experience serious complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage.

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Clinical Features of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis

Sue Pavord et al.

Summary: Phenotypes of VITT were defined in 220 patients in the United Kingdom who presented a median of 14 days after the first ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Half had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a third of whom also had intracranial hemorrhage. Mortality was 22%. Intravenous immune globulin may reverse VITT.

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Clinical Characteristics and Pharmacological Management of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis A Review

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Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to rapid development of vaccines, with mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines being the most common platforms. Postauthorization surveillance has identified safety concerns like VITT, which can lead to CVST. Treatment for VITT involves anticoagulation, IVIG, and steroids, while avoiding heparin products.

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HEART (2020)

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EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY (2020)

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