Observations of Pole-to-Pole, Stratosphere-to-Ionosphere Connection

The behavior of the Earth's middle atmosphere and ionosphere is governed by multiple processes resulting not only from downward energy transfer from the Sun and magnetosphere but also upward energy transfer from terrestrial weather. Understanding the relative importance of mechanisms beyond solar and geomagnetic activity is essential for progress in multi-day predictions of the Earth's atmosphere-ionosphere system. The recent development of research infrastructure, particularly in Antarctica, allows the observation of new ionospheric features. Here we show for the first time that large disturbances observed in the Arctic winter polar stratosphere (20-50 km above ground and at 60-90 degrees N) during a sudden stratospheric warming event are communicated across the globe and cause large disturbances in the summertime ionospheric plasma over Antarctica (60-90 degrees S). Ionospheric anomalies reach similar to 100% of the background level and are observed for multiple days. We suggest several possible terrestrial mechanisms that could contribute to the formation of upper atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies in the southern hemisphere.

Automated summary

The behavior of the Earth's middle atmosphere and ionosphere is influenced by multiple processes, including energy transfer from the Sun and magnetosphere as well as from terrestrial weather. Recent developments in research infrastructure, particularly in Antarctica, have allowed for the observation of new ionospheric features. For the first time, it has been shown that disturbances occurring in the Arctic winter polar stratosphere can propagate across the globe and cause large disturbances in the summertime ionospheric plasma over Antarctica.