A case of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli after pericardiectomy

The majority of cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are self-limited; however, the infection can occasionally be complicated by more severe phenomena, such as thrombotic microangiopathy, with resultant end-organ damage to the kidneys, colon, nervous system, and various other tissues. Shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (ST-HUS)-the constellation of thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and renal failure resulting from thrombotic microangiopathy in a subset of infections producing the Shiga toxin-is classically observed in the pediatric population. Nevertheless, the diagnosis should be considered in adults with this presentation, and especially in those with colonic findings suggestive of ischemia. ST-HUS must also be distinguished from other thrombotic microangiopathies and related conditions, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and complement-mediated HUS, as these diagnoses prompt alternate management strategies. Here, we present a case of ST-HUS in a gentleman following pericardiectomy who was infected with non-O157:H7 E. coli producing Shiga toxin 2.

Automated summary

Most cases of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli infection are self-limited, but can sometimes lead to severe complications such as thrombotic microangiopathy and Shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (ST-HUS). ST-HUS, characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and renal failure, is primarily seen in pediatric patients but should also be considered in adults. Proper differentiation from other thrombotic microangiopathies is essential for appropriate management.