4.5 Article

Does the Belt and Road Initiative Really Increase CO2 Emissions?

期刊

出版社

ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2021.1941747

关键词

CO2 emission; difference-in-differences; input-output model; policy effect; the Belt and Road initiative

资金

  1. National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0604402]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [42001326]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The implementation of the Belt and Road initiative has a significant positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions in participating countries, but no significant effect on production-based CO2 emissions. Non-Belt and Road countries that consume CO2-embedded products should take responsibility for the CO2 emissions in Belt and Road countries.
There are debates on whether the implementation of the Belt and Road (BR) initiative could significantly increase CO2 emissions in participating countries. Nevertheless, the policy effect of the BR initiative on both consumption- and production-based CO2 emissions has not been fully explored. In this study, we quantified the consumption- and production-based CO2 emissions in BR countries with a multiregional input-output model. Then, a difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to identify the CO2 emissions caused by the BR initiative. Results showed that the production-based CO2 emissions (20.77 Gt) were 11 percent higher than the consumption-based CO2 emissions (18.71 Gt) in BR countries. The BR initiative had a significant, positive effect on per-capita consumption-based CO2 emissions (p value < 0.1), with an average increase of 0.51 t/cap/year, but had no significant effect on per-capita production-based CO2 emissions (p value > 0.1). These results imply that the BR initiative promoted regional consumption to achieve common prosperity and boosted green transformation of regional economy. Moreover, non-BR countries that have consumed CO2-embedded products should take responsibility for the CO2 emitted in BR countries. Participants should give priority to strengthening the cooperation based on their country's infrastructure conditions rather than the proximity to China. These findings clarify the policy effect of the BR initiative and distinguish the CO2 emission responsibility from both consumption- and production-based perspectives.

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