Translating Thoughts Into Action: Optimizing Motor Performance and Learning Through Brief Motivational and Attentional Influences

Skilled motor performance is essential in sports, the performing arts, various occupations, and many daily activities. Scientists and practitioners alike are therefore interested in understanding the conditions that influence the performance and learning of movement skills, and how they can be utilized to optimize training. In OPTIMAL theory, three motivational and attentional factors are key: enhanced expectancies for future performance, the performer's autonomy, and an external focus of attention. We review recent evidence suggesting that each factor contributes independently to strengthen the coupling of goals to actions. This work has implications ranging from fostering more effective skill development in novice learners, to increasing the efficiency of athletes' and musicians' performance, and to facilitating the success of patients in regaining functional capabilities.

Automated summary

Recent evidence suggests that enhancing expectancies for future performance, increasing performer's autonomy, and focusing attention externally can independently strengthen the connection between goals and actions, leading to more effective skill development, improved performance efficiency, and successful functional capability restoration for athletes, musicians, and patients.