A clinical signature predicting the malignant transformation of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the head and neck

Background Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the head and neck (HNIMTs) sometimes show aggressive clinical features and can be diagnosed as HNIMT with malignant transformation. Methods The clinicopathological features of 45 HNIMTs with or without malignant transformation were retrospectively investigated. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to establish the predictive model. Results HNIMT with malignant transformation was associated with worse prognosis. HNIMT with a tumor size of >4.4 cm, tumors located in the maxillary sinus, or a preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) greater than 1.958 were associated with higher chance of malignant transformation, with an AUC value of 0.9189. Postoperative radiotherapy could benefit HNIMT patients with high risk of malignant transformation. Conclusions HNIMT patients with a tumor size of >4.4 cm, tumors located in the maxillary sinus, and a preoperative NLR over 1.958 were associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation. These patients can benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.

Automated summary

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the head and neck (HNIMTs) sometimes exhibit aggressive clinical features and can undergo malignant transformation. This study found that tumor size, location, and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be associated with the risk of malignant transformation in HNIMTs. Postoperative radiotherapy can benefit HNIMT patients at high risk of malignant transformation.