Enhanced performance of non-PGM catalysts in air operated PEM-fuel cells

A non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) oxygen reduction catalyst was prepared from support-free zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursor and tested in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with air as the cathode feed. The iron nitrogen and carbon composite (Fe-N-C) based catalyst has high specific surface area decorated uniformly with active sites, which redefines the triple phase boundary (TPB) and requires re-optimization of the cathodic membrane electrode fabrication to ensure efficient mass and charge transports to the catalyst surface. This study reports an effort in optimizing catalytic ink formulation for the membrane electrode preparation and its impact to the fuel cell performance under air. Through optimization, the fuel cell areal current density as high as 115.2 mA/cm(2) at 0.8 V or 147.6 mA/cm(2) at 0.8 ViR-free has been achieved under one bar air. Impacts on fuel cell internal impedance and the water formation are also investigated. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.