期刊
TOXICS
卷 9, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110284
关键词
engineered nanomaterials; heavy metals; bioaccumulation; environment; co-exposure; mixture toxicity
资金
- Cairo University [12-2021]
The widespread usage of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in consumer products has led to increased release of nanoparticles into the environment. This, combined with the presence of heavy metals, results in complex interactions that impact soil and aquatic organisms.
Wide nanotechnology applications and the commercialization of consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have increased the release of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment. Titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silica NPs are widely implicated NPs in industrial, medicinal, and food products. Different types of pollutants usually co-exist in the environment. Heavy metals (HMs) are widely distributed pollutants that could potentially co-occur with NPs in the environment. Similar to what occurs with NPs, HMs accumulation in the environment results from anthropogenic activities, in addition to some natural sources. These pollutants remain in the environment for long periods and have an impact on several organisms through different routes of exposure in soil, water, and air. The impact on complex systems results from the interactions between NPs and HMs and the organisms. This review describes the outcomes of simultaneous exposure to the most commonly found ENMs and HMs, particularly on soil and aquatic organisms.
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