A potent alpaca-derived nanobody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Response and Variant Cross-Neutralization After SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection

Timothy A. Bates et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A bispecific monomeric nanobody induces spike trimer dimers and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vivo

Leo Hanke et al.

Nature Communications (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition

Allison J. Greaney et al.

Summary: Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) are key in neutralizing antibody responses, and a deep mutational scanning method was used to assess the impact of all amino-acid mutations in the RBD on antibody binding with 10 human monoclonal antibodies. The study identified the clustered escape mutations in different surfaces of the RBD that correspond to structurally defined antibody epitopes, showing that even antibodies targeting the same surface can have distinct escape mutations.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Editorial Material Chemistry, Medicinal

Addressing the Cold Reality of mRNA Vaccine Stability

Daan J. A. Crommelin et al.

Summary: This commentary discusses the challenges surrounding the stability and formulation of mRNA vaccines, highlighting the need to optimize their formulation for enhanced stability during storage, transport, and administration. Additionally, the mRNA vaccine approach shows evidence of human immunogenicity against multiple viral pathogens and the ability to rapidly adapt to emerging infectious diseases.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

REGN-COV2, a Neutralizing Antibody Cocktail, in Outpatients with Covid-19

D. M. Weinreich et al.

Summary: Recent data indicate that complications and death from Covid-19 may be related to high viral loads. In this trial involving nonhospitalized patients, a cocktail of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (REGN-COV2) reduced viral load, with a greater effect in patients with no immune response or high viral load at baseline. Safety outcomes were similar between REGN-COV2 dose groups and the placebo group.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure-guided multivalent nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppress mutational escape

Paul-Albert Koenig et al.

Summary: In this study, new neutralizing nanobodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were developed, showing enhanced neutralizing activity through engineering technology and successfully suppressing the emergence of escape mutants. The findings suggest that nanobodies can neutralize through receptor binding competition and also render virions noninfectious.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A therapeutic neutralizing antibody targeting receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Cheolmin Kim et al.

Summary: A human monoclonal antibody called CT-P59 has been shown to effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate significant therapeutic effects in animal models, making it a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV structural protein antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Timothy A. Bates et al.

Summary: Antibodies raised against SARS-CoV display some level of reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, but only partial cross-neutralization is observed. This finding provides critical information for further study and vaccine strategies for COVID-19, establishing a set of antibodies with known reactivity to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months

Einav G. Levin et al.

Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biology

Highly synergistic combinations of nanobodies that target SARS-CoV-2 and are resistant to escape

Fred D. Mast et al.

Summary: Researchers generated a large nanobody repertoire to target distinct and highly conserved epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, identifying new nanobody binding sites that can inhibit viral infection and combat viral variants effectively.

ELIFE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies

Markus Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may exhibit resistance to existing neutralizing antibodies and treatments, which could have significant implications for pandemic containment efforts.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant

Xianding Deng et al.

Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 variant named B.1.427/B.1.429 was identified in California, with increased transmissibility and carrying three mutations in spike protein, including L452R substitution. The variant emerged in May 2020 and became predominant in sequenced cases from September 2020 to January 2021. In vivo viral shedding was increased and antibody neutralization decreased, calling for further investigation.

CELL (2021)

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Letter Cell Biology

The basis of a more contagious 501Y.V1 variant of SARS-CoV-2

Haolin Liu et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 biology and variants: anticipation of viral evolution and what needs to be done

Ruibang Luo et al.

Summary: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of multiple variants indicate the virus actively exploring its evolutionary space. The third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of understanding viral variants and evolution, as well as potential impacts of vaccines on variant evolution.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.429 and B.1.351

Xiaoying Shen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Early Evidence of the Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at One Medical Center

William Daniel et al.

Summary: Following the rollout of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under emergency use authorization, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among health care workers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nanobody cocktails potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 D614G N501Y variant and protect mice

Phillip Pymm et al.

Summary: Neutralizing antibodies, particularly nanobodies, play a crucial role in immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and in the development of therapeutics for COVID-19. Researchers have identified high-affinity nanobodies that effectively disrupt the interaction between the virus and the human host cell receptor ACE2, offering promising prophylactic potential against SARS-CoV-2. Studies have shown that nanobody-Fc fusions can block viral engagement with host cells and significantly reduce viral loads in infected mice, suggesting their use as preventive agents against COVID-19.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates

Bryan E. Jones et al.

Summary: LY-CoV555 is a novel neutralizing antibody derived from a convalescent patient with COVID-19, showing high affinity binding, potent inhibition of ACE2 binding, and strong neutralizing activity. This antibody has entered clinical trials and is being evaluated for various COVID-19 prevention and treatment indications.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by highly potent, hyperthermostable, and mutation-tolerant nanobodies

Thomas Guettler et al.

Summary: This study introduces the use of single-domain (VHH) antibodies as an alternative for combating SARS-CoV-2, showing their ability to neutralize the virus, inhibit its infectivity, and tolerate immune-escape mutations. The research also suggests that this approach may simplify vaccine production and adapt to viral escape mutations.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Age-Dependent Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and P.1 Variant by Vaccine Immune Serum Samples

Timothy A. Bates et al.

Summary: This study investigates the correlation between age and neutralizing antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain and the P.1 variant after receiving 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Spike-antibody waning after second dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1

Madhumita Shrotri et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants

Jianliang Xu et al.

Summary: The study found that camelid nanobodies can effectively circumvent vaccine escape caused by mutations in the novel coronavirus. These nanobodies are able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants through two mechanisms, demonstrating promising potential in preventing COVID-19 mortality when vaccines are compromised.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Current status of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Sanjeev Kumar et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain exhibits potent capabilities for immune evasion and viral entrance

Xiantao Zhang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and BNT162b2 vaccinated serum

Timothy A. Bates et al.

Summary: The study shows that serum from BNT162b2 vaccine recipients and convalescent COVID-19 patients has lower neutralization efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, and this is negatively associated with patient age. The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are found to escape neutralization by serum antibodies, potentially leading to increased risk of reinfection or vaccine breakthrough.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Potently and Broadly Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Jennifer M. Zupancic et al.

Summary: A novel multivalent nanobody, VHH-72, has shown significant neutralizing activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants with high biophysical stability, solubility, and specificity.

ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by highly potent, hyperthermostable, and mutation-tolerant nanobodies

Thomas Guettler et al.

Summary: Monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins are effective in treating COVID-19, but their production in mammalian cells is not scalable. This study isolated 45 infection-blocking VHH antibodies from alpaca immune libraries, with one particularly effective VHH antibody capable of neutralizing the virus at low concentrations and showing strong binding to the Spike protein in different conformations. Additionally, the research identified VHH antibodies that can tolerate immune-escape mutations, as well as fold-promoting nanobodies that could simplify vaccine production and adaptation to viral mutations.

EMBO JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Humoral immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; implications in pathogenesis and protective immunity

Jorge Carrillo et al.

Summary: The magnitude and quality of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 are associated with clinical outcomes, with different individuals showing variable responses. Rapid production of antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, against viral proteins like the Spike glycoprotein, targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD), is crucial for protection and vaccine development. Duration of humoral responses and possible transient immunity remain unknown, with cases of reinfection reported.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time

Ensheng Dong et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies

Daniel Wrapp et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2

Yan Wu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

Meng Yuan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses

Shibo Jiang et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays

Katharine H. D. Crawford et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-neutralization ofSARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody

Dora Pinto et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans

Fatima Amanat et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus

Bette Korber et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Neutralizing Antibody and Soluble ACE2 Inhibition of a Replication-Competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a Clinical Isolate of SARS-CoV-2

James Brett Case et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Letter Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection for SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures

Nikolai Eroshenko et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Logistical challenges for potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and a call to research institutions, developers and manufacturers

Umit H. Kartoglu et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies

Christopher O. Barnes et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Anum Glasgow et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction

Leo Hanke et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Design, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a YFP-Tagged 2019-nCoV Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Construct

Tobias Bierig et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19 Patients in Hunan, China

Xingsheng Hu et al.

DOSE-RESPONSE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An ultrapotent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by stabilizing inactive Spike

Michael Schoof et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Versatile and multivalent nanobodies efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Yufei Xiang et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series

Hao Zeng et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Nanobody: outstanding features for diagnostic and therapeutic applications

J. -Pablo Salvador et al.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Exploiting Nanobodies' Singular Traits

Jessica R. Ingram et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 36 (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Universal protection against influenza infection by a multidomain antibody to influenza hemagglutinin

Nick S. Laursen et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Viridot: An automated virus plaque (immunofocus) counter for the measurement of serological neutralizing responses with application to dengue virus

Leah C. Katzelnick et al.

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Rapid and Direct VHH and Target Identification by Staphylococcal Surface Display Libraries

Marco Cavallari

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fusion of the mouse IgG1 Fc domain to the VHH fragment (ARP1) enhances protection in a mouse model of rotavirus

Gokce Gunaydin et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Fusion of hIgG1-Fc to In-111-anti-amyloid single domain antibody fragment VHH-pa2H prolongs blood residential time in APP/PS1 mice but does not increase brain uptake

Maarten Rotman et al.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (2015)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR and expression vector cloning

Thomas Tiller et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2008)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Alpaca (Lama pacos) as a convenient source of recombinant camelid heavy chain antibodies (VHHs)

David R. Maass et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2007)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single domain antibodies derived from dromedary lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes sensing conformational variants of prostate-specific antigen

D Saerens et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2004)

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A potent alpaca-derived nanobody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants

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