期刊
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
卷 4, 期 12, 页码 13830-13840出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02580
关键词
redox flow batteries; flow cells; electrochemical sensors; microelectrodes; organic redox couples; state of charge; state of health
资金
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1805566]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program [1122374]
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1805566] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This study develops and tests a flow-through, microelectrode-based electrochemical sensor for redox flow batteries to continuously measure active species concentrations, demonstrating its utility in a symmetric redox flow cell. The results reveal high accuracy of the sensor in transport and thermodynamics, with potential for measuring operando concentrations, and provide additional considerations for successful implementation.
The assessment of candidate materials for redox flow batteries requires effective diagnostic techniques for monitoring the evolution of electrolyte state of charge and state of health to interrogate time-dependent changes in system behavior. Further, such tools can be applied in practical embodiments to inform maintenance schedules and optimize energy utilization. In this work, we develop and test a flow-through, microelectrode-based electrochemical sensor to continuously measure active species concentrations in redox flow cells. A gold microelectrode (working electrode) and platinum wire (pseudoreference electrode) are sealed into a stainless steel fitting (counter electrode), and three-electrode electroanalytical techniques (i.e., voltammetry, chronoamperometry) are performed to correlate steady-state current to concentration. To validate transport and thermodynamics that govern the sensing mechanism, we combine multiphysics simulation with ex situ experimental testing, confirming that the device is capable of accurately determining individual species concentrations. We then evaluate the microelectrode sensor in a symmetric redox flow cell, demonstrating the utility of this approach for measuring operando concentrations, and discuss additional considerations for successful implementation (e.g., measurement protocol, material selection, flow cell design). Assembled from commercially available, off-the-shelf components, the sensor can be readily adopted by research laboratories and integrated into existing experimental workflows, making it a promising tool for studying flow battery materials.
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