4.7 Review

Role of Ti3C2 MXene as Prominent Schottky Barriers in Driving Hydrogen Production through Photoinduced Water Splitting: A Comprehensive Review

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-assembly synthesis of phosphorus-doped tubular g-C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky junction for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Kelei Huang et al.

Summary: Delaminated 2D Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets were used to decorate P-doped tubular g-C3N4, forming a 1D/2D Schottky heterojunction. The optimized composite showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution compared to pristine g-C3N4 and PTCN. The enhancement was attributed to the phosphorus doping, unique structure of the heterojunction, and the separation and inhibition of charge carriers. Metallic Ti3C2 acted as an electron sink and photon collector, while the ultrathin Ti3C2 flake served as a co-catalyst for higher reactivity.

GREEN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT (2023)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Electromagnetic interference shielding of Ti3C2Tx MXene modified by ionic liquid for high chemical stability and excellent mechanical strength

Yan-Jun Wan et al.

Summary: Ti3C2Tx MXene, with its superior metallic conductivity and excellent solution processability, faces challenges in practical applications due to its susceptibility to oxidation in humid or aqueous environments, resulting in the disassembly of the 2D-layered structure. By modifying Ti3C2Tx with imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL), the chemical stability and mechanical strength of Ti3C2Tx can be significantly improved.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Review Energy & Fuels

Titanium dioxide nanostructures as efficient photocatalyst: Progress, challenges and perspective

Mohsin Ijaz et al.

Summary: TiO2 nanostructures are widely used as photocatalysts in energy and eco-friendly applications, but their efficiency is limited due to factors like wide bandgap and fast charge recombination. Studying the characteristics and effects of various TiO2 nanostructures can help find solutions to improve efficiency.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis of CuTi-LDH supported on g-C3N4 for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reactions

Sruthi Guru et al.

Summary: The study synthesized a nanocomposite CuTi layered double hydroxide supported on g-C3N4 via hydrothermal method, with high specific surface area and suitable band gap for serving as an electrocatalyst and photoelectrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Ultrasonic oscillation synthesized ZnS nanoparticles/layered MXene sheet with outstanding photocatalytic activity under visible light

Xiaoyan Liu et al.

Summary: The ZnS nanoparticles modified with MXene material showed significantly improved photocatalytic performance under visible light, with high hydrogen production yield. The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the excellent properties of MXene sheets and the effective interaction between ZnS nanoparticles and MXene sheets.

VACUUM (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Construction of an Ultrathin S-Scheme Heterojunction Based on Few-Layer g-C3N4 and Monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Yali Yang et al.

Summary: The ultrathin S-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/TiO2/C was constructed using electrostatic self-assembly and calcination method, showing excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance due to large contact area and strong interaction between the compositions. The results confirm the importance of interface contact for efficient charge carrier transfer in photocatalytic processes.

SOLAR RRL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ambient-Stable Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Enabled by Iodine Etching

Huanhuan Shi et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated a fluoride-free, iodine-assisted etching route for preparing oxygen-rich two-dimensional MXene with intact lattice structure. These MXene sheets exhibit excellent thin-film conductivity and great ambient stability in water, showing promise for practical applications.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Efficient photocatalytic production of hydrogen by exploiting the polydopamine-semiconductor interface

Yeonho Kim et al.

Summary: A ZnS/PDA photocatalyst with efficient hydrogen production and sustained photoactivity is reported in this study. The double staggered heterostructure facilitates effective separation, transport, and tunneling of charge carriers, achieving a balance between photocatalytic stability and activity. The easy modification of optoelectronic properties by PDA could be applied to a wide range of materials for various catalytic applications.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 Supported Zero-Dimensional Co3S4 Nanoparticles Form S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Production

Teng Yan et al.

Summary: The study prepared an S-type heterojunction photocatalyst with excellent photoelectrochemical performance and stability, achieving significantly higher hydrogen evolution amount compared to pure Co3S4. The performance improvement of the composite material can be attributed to the role of EY molecules, highly dispersed Co3S4 nanoparticles, and the constructed S-scheme heterojunction that promotes carrier separation.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hollow MoSe2@Bi2S3/CdS Core-Shell Nanostructure as Dual Z-Scheme Heterojunctions with Enhanced Full Spectrum Photocatalytic-Photothermal Performance

Ke Wang et al.

Summary: The inadequate separation of carriers remains a major obstacle to the practical application of photocatalysis. The rational design of semiconductor photocatalysts, such as the MoSe2@Bi2S3/CdS dual Z-Scheme heterojunction, can improve the spatial separation of carriers and achieve excellent photocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution and pollutants removal. This dual functional photocatalyst shows potential for addressing the energy crisis and environmental pollution.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Unusual synthesis of safflower-shaped TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructures initiated from two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene

Nghe My Tran et al.

Summary: A unique microscale safflower synthesis consisting of TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructure nanorods was developed through sequential in-body transformation. The morphology, structural components, and properties of the heterostructures were significantly influenced by heat treatment conditions, and the synthesized heterostructures exhibited semiconductor behavior with superb photocatalytic efficiency.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Novel 2D SnNb2O6/Ag3VO4 S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Xiaofeng Li et al.

Summary: In this study, 2D SnNb2O6 nanosheets were prepared and loaded with Ag3VO4 to form a compact and stable S-scheme heterostructure, which showed enhanced photocatalytic activity. The S-scheme system efficiently separated charge carriers, retaining electrons with higher reduction ability and holes with higher oxidation ability.

CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Well-designed 2D/2D Ti3C2TA/R MXene coupled g-C3N4 heterojunction with in-situ growth of anatase/rutile TiO2 nucleates to boost photocatalytic dry-reforming of methane (DRM) for syngas production under visible light

Azmat Ali Khan et al.

Summary: The study investigated a well-designed 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2TA/R (CN/TCT) MXene heterojunction with in-situ growth of TiO2-nucleates for boosting the photocatalytic dry reforming of methane. The resulting material showed higher visible light absorption and proficient charge separation, leading to improved H-2 and CO rates compared to using CN and TCT separately. The effect of feed ratio (CO2/CH4) further confirmed efficient sorption process with good recyclability under visible light for the conversion of CO2 and CH4 to syngas.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Insights into different dimensional MXenes for photocatalysis

Ke Zhang et al.

Summary: Introducing cocatalyst is an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors, where novel transition metal carbides and nitrides like MXenes have emerged as a good alternative due to their high surface area and adjustable elemental composition. The performance of MXenes critically relies on their dimensions, as suggested by many theoretical and experimental studies. Understanding the current state of art of different dimensional MXenes in photocatalysis is essential for clarifying the prospects of their development.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Investigating the Influential Effect of Etchant Time in Constructing 2D/2D HCN/MXene Heterojunction with Controlled Growth of TiO2 NPs for Stimulating Photocatalytic H2 Production

Muhammad Tahir

Summary: Well-designed two-dimensional hierarchical g-C3N4 nanosheets anchored on two-dimensional exfoliated titanium carbide multilayers embedded with TiO2 were fabricated to enhance H-2 production under visible light. Optimized materials and etching time led to improved charge carrier separation efficiency and increased H-2 yield, demonstrating potential for solar energy applications.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Hierarchical porous skin/skeleton-like MXene/biomass derived carbon fibers heterostructure for self-supporting, flexible all solid-state supercapacitors

Li Sun et al.

Summary: This study successfully prepared a novel MXene/CF heterostructure with superior electrochemical performance and stability for high-performance supercapacitors. The research demonstrates the wide application prospects of this heterostructure in the field of supercapacitors.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Improving oxidation stability of 2D MXenes: synthesis, storage media, and conditions

Aamir Iqbal et al.

Summary: This article discusses the oxidative degradation of MXene suspensions and methods to control the oxidation kinetics, emphasizing the potential and application prospects of MXenes in various fields.

NANO CONVERGENCE (2021)

Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

MXene as emerging nanofillers for high-performance polymer composites: A review

Kaili Gong et al.

Summary: MXenes, as a rising star in the 2D material family, exhibit charming physical and chemical properties due to their unique graphene-like structures and abundant functional groups. They show advantages in combining with polymer matrices and have been widely applied in various fields like electrical, thermal, and mechanical. MXenes play a vital role in developing high-performance composite materials and have considerable prospects in the future.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Ti3C2 Mxene modified SnNb2O6 nanosheets Schottky photocatalysts with directed internal electric field for tetracycline hydrochloride removal and hydrogen evolution

He Wang et al.

Summary: This study successfully designed and constructed a novel 2D/2D ultrathin Ti3C2 Mxene/SnNb2O6 nanosheets, demonstrating significantly enhanced activity and stability in photocatalysis, with potential applications in pollutant degradation and hydrogen production.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Recent trends in developments of active metals and heterogenous materials for catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to renewable methane: A review

Wei Keen Fan et al.

Summary: This review discusses the utilization of carbon dioxide to produce methane, focusing on the trends in active metals and heterogeneous catalyst supports used for thermal hydrogenation of CO2. It highlights the role of active metals and catalyst structure in reducing the activation energy for CO2 methanation, as well as the mechanisms of the hydrogenation reaction.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Applications of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) in photocatalysis: a review

Xing Li et al.

Summary: MXenes are two-dimensional nanomaterials with rich interlayer groups and flexible layer spacing, making them ideal for catalytic reactions. Ti3C2Tx, in particular, has shown excellent performance as a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction, but material stability remains a major challenge for further application.

MATERIALS ADVANCES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

In situ construction of protonated g-C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

Haotian Xu et al.

Summary: The heterojunction photocatalyst of PCN/Ti3C2 MXene exhibits a highly improved hydrogen evolution rate, thanks to the well-defined dimensionality and perfectly matched interfaces with strong interfacial interactions. The charge-regulated surfaces of PCN and the accelerated charge transport at the face-to-face 2D/2D Schottky heterojunction interface are the main reasons for the excellent hydrogen evolution performance.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Synthesis and photocatalytic H2-production activity of plasma-treated Ti3C2Tx MXene modified graphitic carbon nitride

Fang Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Boosting the photocatalytic activity of CdLa2S4 for hydrogen production using Ti3C2 MXene as a co-catalyst

Lin Cheng et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

MoS2/Ti3C2 heterostructure for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Juhui Zhang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

MXene-based photocatalysts

Panyong Kuang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

2D/2D Heterojunction of R-scheme Ti3C2 MXene/MoS2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Ziyu Yao et al.

NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Positioning MXenes in the Photocatalysis Landscape: Competitiveness, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Xiuqiang Xie et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Formation of Multiple Schottky Barriers in a Ti3C2MXene Film and its Application in Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors

Junghoon Choi et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Visible-light-driven integrated organic synthesis and hydrogen evolution over 1D/2D CdS-Ti3C2Tx MXene composites

Jing-Yu Li et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent development in band engineering of binary semiconductor materials for solar driven photocatalytic hydrogen production

Muhammad Tahir et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

g-C3N4/CoAl-LDH 2D/2D hybrid heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Jungang Zhang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Boosting visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of BiPO4 via constructing Schottky junction with Ti3C2 MXene

Like Zhang et al.

MATERIALS & DESIGN (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electronic and Transport Properties in Defective MoS2: Impact of Sulfur Vacancies

Sai Manoj Gali et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

2D photocatalysts with tuneable supports for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting

Yiyang Li et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2020)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Ti3C2 2D MXene: Recent Progress and Perspectives in Photocatalysis

Rongdi Tang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Photocatalytic Applications of Two-Dimensional Ti3C2 MXenes: A Review

Kelei Huang et al.

ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

In-situ construction of ternary Ti3C2 MXene@TiO2/ZnIn2S4 composites for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Kelei Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2020)

Proceedings Paper Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of MXene Ti3C2 by selective etching of MAX-phase Ti3AlC2

T. S. Kvashina et al.

MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Oxidation-resistant titanium carbide MXene films

Yonghee Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2020)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nonlinear optics of MXene in laser technologies

Young In Jhon et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-MATERIALS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

MXene Photonic Devices for Near-Infrared to Mid-Infrared Ultrashort Pulse Generation

Zhenhong Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS (2020)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in MXenes: From fundamentals to applications

Mohammad Khazaei et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

2D Early Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Catalysis

Zhe Li et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Control of MXenes' electronic properties through termination and intercalation

James L. Hart et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High-Temperature Behavior and Surface Chemistry of Carbide MXenes Studied by Thermal Analysis

Mykola Seredych et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Surface Termination Dependent Work Function and Electronic Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene

Thorsten Schultz et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

In situ decoration of ZnS nanoparticles with Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Luna Tie et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2019)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

2D MXenes as Co-catalysts in Photocatalysis: Synthetic Methods

Yuliang Sun et al.

NANO-MICRO LETTERS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Boosting the Photocatalytic Ability of g-C3N4 for Hydrogen Production by Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots

Yujie Li et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Boosting the Photocatalytic Ability of Cu2O Nanowires for CO2 Conversion by MXene Quantum Dots

Zhiping Zeng et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

Review Chemistry, Physical

A critical review in strategies to improve photocatalytic water splitting towards hydrogen production

Nur Fajrina et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

1T-MoS2 nanopatch/Ti3C2 MXene/TiO2 nanosheet hybrids for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Yujie Li et al.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Environment-Sensitive Photoresponse of Spontaneously Partially Oxidized Ti3C2 MXene Thin Films

Sergii Chertopalov et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Engineering MoS2 nanomesh with holes and lattice defects for highly active hydrogen evolution reaction

Yue Li et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Fabrication of CdS/Ni-Fe LDH heterostructure for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from aqueous methanol solution

Hualei Zhou et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

TiO2/MXene Ti3C2 composite with excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity

Jingxiang Low et al.

JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2018)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Ultrathin two-dimensional materials for photo- and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Jun Di et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of point defects on the magnetoelectronic structures of MXenes from first principles

Arkamita Bandyopadhyay et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2018)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Functional MXene Materials: Progress of Their Applications

Xiuqin Li et al.

CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

First-principles study of a MXene terahertz detector

Y. I. Jhon et al.

NANOSCALE (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fluoride-Free Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Using A Binary Aqueous System

Sheng Yang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Understanding heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction through operando techniques

Albertus D. Handoko et al.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2018)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design

Zhi Wei Seh et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical etching of Ti2AlC to Ti2CTx (MXene) in low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution

W. Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2017)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage

Babak Anasori et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2017)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic water splitting for solar hydrogen generation: fundamentals and recent advancements

Lan Yuan et al.

INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2016)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over PdS@CdS+ZnS(en)0.5 Photocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation

Hideyuki Katsumata et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2/Ti3C2 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Yupeng Gao et al.

MATERIALS LETTERS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide 'clay' with high volumetric capacitance

Michael Ghidiu et al.

NATURE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Flexible and conductive MXene films and nanocomposites with high capacitance

Zheng Ling et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Novel Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides

Mohammad Khazaei et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2013)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Development of Better Photocatalysts through Composition- and Structure-Engineering

Dieqing Zhang et al.

CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL (2013)

Review Economics

Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change-A review

Mikael Hook et al.

ENERGY POLICY (2013)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Role of Methanol Sacrificing Reagent in the Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen

Felipe Guzman et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2

Michael Naguib et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Enhanced activity of mesoporous Nb2O5 for photocatalytic hydrogen production

Xinyi Chen et al.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2007)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in Schottky barrier concepts

RT Tung

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS (2001)