4.7 Review

What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review (Part 6): Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with the Status of Mismatch Repair System, BRCA, PTEN, and Other Genes

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Summary: Epigenetic alterations impact the expression of PD-L1 in prostate cancer, with DNA methylation and miRNAs being key factors. Histone modifiers and epigenetic drugs can reverse these alterations. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 post-transcriptionally, offering potential clinical applications.

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Safety and Clinical Activity of Atezolizumab in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Phase I Study

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Summary: Atezolizumab monotherapy showed good tolerability and evidence of disease control in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), albeit with limited efficacy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of combination therapy in this population.

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A prospective prostate cancer screening programme for men with pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (IMPACT): initial results from an international prospective study

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Prognostic Significance of Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Markers in Circulating Tumor Cells and Paired Plasma Derived Exosomes in Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

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Kingella kingae Intrauterine Infection: An Unusual Cause of Chorioamnionitis and Miscarriage in a Patient with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease

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Expression of immune checkpoints on circulating tumor cells in men with metastatic prostate cancer

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Summary: The study found that CTCs from men with mPC often express B7-H3, and there is heterogeneity in the expression of immune checkpoints PD-L1, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 across different disease states. Detection of these immune checkpoints in CTCs may aid in monitoring immunotherapy efficacy.

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Pembrolizumab with or without enzalutamide in selected populations of men with previously untreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harbouring programmed cell death ligand-1 staining: a retrospective study

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Radium-223 Treatment Increases Immune Checkpoint Expression in Extracellular Vesicles from the Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Microenvironment

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Magda Zanelli et al.

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Andrea Palicelli et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint therapy targeting the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has shown promising results in treating immunologically ''hot'' tumors, with pembrolizumab demonstrating good therapeutic activity in selected prostate cancer patients. Analysis of PD-L1 expression in human prostate cancer samples revealed varying positivity rates across different histological subtypes, with different PD-L1 antibody clones showing differential expression patterns in tumor cells. Tumor heterogeneity, inter-institutional preanalytics, and variability in interpretation may lead to biases in results.
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Andrea Palicelli et al.

Summary: PD-L1 expression may be associated with adverse clinic-pathologic features in prostatic carcinoma, especially in castration-resistant cases. Further standardized studies are needed to clarify the prognostic and predictive role of PD-L1.
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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 7: PD-L1 Expression in Liquid Biopsy

Andrea Palicelli et al.

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Antonio De Leo et al.

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Initial Findings from a High Genetic Risk Prostate Cancer Clinic

Michael S. Sessine et al.

Summary: This study aimed to improve prostate cancer screening for high-risk men by establishing an early detection clinic for patients at high genetic risk. The first 45 enrolled patients with known pathogenic germline variants in prostate cancer susceptibility genes underwent screening and biopsy, leading to early data that support the feasibility of personalized prostate cancer screening for this high-risk population.

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Magda Zanelli et al.

Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common pathogen that infects individuals early in life, primarily in B lymphocytes. Conditions of immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive therapies have brought attention to EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders, which can range from indolent to aggressive lymphomas. These disorders can be diagnostically challenging due to overlapping morphology and immunophenotype.

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Lejla Koco et al.

Summary: Multidisciplinary team meetings have been increasingly implemented in cancer care worldwide, with significant impacts on treatment decisions, patient outcomes, and process outcomes despite being time-consuming and expensive. Further high-quality research is needed to explore the impact of these meetings on healthcare quality.

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Jim Zhong et al.

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Decreased ATM Protein Expression Is Substantiated with PTEN Loss in Defining Aggressive Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Associated with Lethal Disease

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Summary: Combination of EZH2 inhibition and anti-PD-1 has been shown to enhance antitumor immune responses in prostate cancer by activating the dsRNA-STING-ISG stress response signaling; EZH2 inhibition upregulates genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon response, suggesting it as a therapeutic direction to enhance prostate cancer response to PD-1 CPI.

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CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2019)

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PD-L1 Expression in De Novo Metastatic Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer

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JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY (2019)

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Low Expression of miR-424-3p is Highly Correlated with Clinical Failure in Prostate Cancer

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Immunohistochemistry of immune checkpoint markers PD-1 and PD-L1 in prostate cancer

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MEDICINE (2019)

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CTHRC1 and PD-1/PD-L1 expression predicts tumor recurrence in prostate cancer

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MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS (2019)

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Immunogenicity of prostate cancer is augmented by BET bromodomain inhibition

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JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2019)

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Distinct tumor microenvironments of lytic and blastic bone metastases in prostate cancer patients

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JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2019)

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Phosphorylated RB Promotes Cancer Immunity by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and PD-L1 Expression

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MOLECULAR CELL (2019)

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PROSTATE (2019)

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Specific zinc finger-induced methylation of PD-L1 promoter inhibits its expression

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FEBS OPEN BIO (2019)

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The Novel Combination of Nitroxoline and PD-1 Blockade, Exerts a Potent Antitumor Effect in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

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Small-Molecule Sigma1 Modulator Induces Autophagic Degradation of PD-L1

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MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH (2018)

Review Oncology

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Jason Gandhi et al.

PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES (2018)

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Frequencies and expression levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) in various cancer types

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BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Immunogenomic analyses associate immunological alterations with mismatch repair defects in prostate cancer

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2018)

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Imaging PD-L1 Expression with ImmunoPET

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BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: case report with molecular and histological characterization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS (2018)

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Prostate cancer-associated SPOP mutations confer resistance to BET inhibitors through stabilization of BRD4

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NATURE MEDICINE (2017)

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GENOME MEDICINE (2017)

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Enhancement of PSMA-Directed CAR Adoptive Immunotherapy by PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade

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MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS (2017)

Meeting Abstract Oncology

PD-L1 blockade in preclinical models of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer

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The Immune Checkpoint Regulator PD-L1 Is Highly Expressed in Aggressive Primary Prostate Cancer

Heidrun Gevensleben et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2016)

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LANCET (2016)

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Tungiasis in Italy: An imported case of Tunga penetrans and review of the literature

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PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2016)

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Integrative Clinical Genomics of Advanced Prostate Cancer

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The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer

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Immunosuppressive plasma cells impede T-cell-dependent immunogenic chemotherapy

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NATURE (2015)

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Paucity of PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer: innate and adaptive immune resistance

A. M. Martin et al.

PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES (2015)

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IL-27 induces the expression of IDO and PD-L1 in human cancer cells

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ONCOTARGET (2015)

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PD-L1 is highly expressed in Enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer

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ONCOTARGET (2015)

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PLOS ONE (2014)

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Complex MSH2 and MSH6 mutations in hypermutated microsatellite unstable advanced prostate cancer

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Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Lynch Syndrome

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2013)

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The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in prostate cancer

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY (2012)

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Risks of Primary Extracolonic Cancers Following Colorectal Cancer in Lynch Syndrome

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Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Cancer

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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Simultaneous inhibition of two regulatory T-cell subsets enhanced Interleukin-15 efficacy in a prostate tumor model

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

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BRCA1 and BRCA2: different roles in a common pathway of genome protection

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E2f binding-deficient Rb1 protein suppresses prostate tumor progression in vivo

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

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ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2009)

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ETS rearrangements and prostate cancer initiation

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NATURE (2009)

Review Oncology

Recurrent gene fusions in prostate cancer

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NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2008)

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Loss of tumor suppressor PTEN function increases B7-H1 expression and immunoresistance in glioma

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NATURE MEDICINE (2007)

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The DNA damage response arouses the immune system

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CANCER RESEARCH (2006)

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