Effects of freshwater salinization on a salt-naive planktonic eukaryote community

Freshwater salinization is a widespread issue, but evidence of ecological effects on aquatic communities remains scarce. We experimentally exposed salt-naive plankton communities of a north-temperate, freshwater lake to a gradient of chloride (Cl-) concentration (0.27-1400 mg Cl L-1) with in situ mesocosms. Following 6 weeks, we measured changes in the diversity, composition, and abundance of eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene. Total phytoplankton biomass remained unchanged, but we observed a shift in dominant phytoplankton groups with increasing salt concentration, from Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta at lower chloride concentrations (< 185 mg Cl- L-1) to Ochrophyta at higher chloride concentrations (> 185 mg Cl- L-1). Crustacean zooplankton and rotifers were sensitive to the salinity, and disappeared at low chloride concentrations (< 40 mg Cl- L-1). While ciliates thrived at low chloride concentrations (< 185 mg Cl- L-1), fungal groups dominated at intermediate chloride concentrations (185-640 mg Cl- L-1), and only phytoplankton remained at the highest chloride concentrations (> 640 mg Cl- L-1).

Automated summary

Freshwater salinization is a widespread issue, but there is limited evidence on the ecological effects it has on aquatic communities. In this study, we found that salinity had a significant impact on the diversity, composition, and abundance of plankton communities, with different salt concentrations leading to the dominance of different phytoplankton groups.