Advances in electrochemical detection for probing protein aggregation

Electrochemistry provides an array of methods to investigate protein aggregation and determine biomarkers of neurodenenerative diseases. Biosensors detecting monomeric or oligomeric biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease evolved toward femtomolar, multiplexed detection in blood and biological fluids for less invasive diagnosis. The biosensors also serve as complementary tools in studies investigating putative biomarkers for the assessment of patient's cognitive decline. The study of protein aggregation via the direct electrochemical oxidation focused recently on enhanced sensitivity and on establishing correlations between protein structure and aggregation propensity. Departing from classic approaches, nanopore resistive pulse sensing and single-particle collision electrochemistry enable studying aggregates in solution. Growing applications converge toward accurate evaluation of aggregate populations and method adoption beyond proof of principle.

Automated summary

Electrochemistry provides various methods for investigating protein aggregation and identifying biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, with biosensors playing a crucial role in this area. Recent research focuses on enhancing sensitivity, establishing correlations between protein structure and aggregation propensity, and exploring novel approaches to study protein aggregates in solution. Growing applications aim to accurately evaluate aggregate populations and go beyond proof of principle in method adoption.