期刊
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
卷 44, 期 -, 页码 296-312出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011
关键词
lithium-ion batteries; extreme fast charge; advanced electrolyte model (AEM); cell transport model; lithium metal plating
资金
- Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
This paper discusses the selection, testing, and validation of electrolyte candidates for Li-ion cells with a focus on achieving extreme fast charge (XFC). Laboratory testing results match predictions from the Advanced Electrolyte Model, indicating that combinations of low molecular weight solvents are crucial for fast charge electrolytes.
Selection, testing and validation of electrolyte candidates for Li-ion cells are discussed, based on a 10-minute target for extreme fast charge (XFC). A combination of modeling and laboratory measurements create a timely and synergistic approach to identifying candidate electrolyte formulations. Multi-solvent systems provide a balanced set of properties, wherein lower molecular-weight solvents offer reduced viscosity, increased species diffusivity, and mitigation of concentration polarization at high charge rates. Carefully selected formulations can exhibit peak conductivity and usable conductivity range of two to three times that of the baseline EC-EMC (3:7, wt.) + LiPF6. Candidates are also chosen based on stability and longevity within the cell environment. Lab testing coincides with property predictions from the Advanced Electrolyte Model (AEM) and a macro-scale cell model. Cell testing utilized coin and pouch cells having NMC532 or NMC811 cathodes with graphite electrodes. Results indicate combinations of low-molecular weight solvents are key for fast-charge electrolytes as they extend the useful conductivity range to both low and higher salt concentrations, and possess higher self-diffusivities compared to conventional solvents. This reduces impacts from concentration polarization. The choice of electrolyte also influences the tendency for lithium metal deposition at the anode, as showcased by experimental and modeling results herein.
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