Storing energy with molecular photoisomers

Some molecular photoisomers can be isomerized to a metastable high-energy state by exposure to light. These molecules can then be thermally or catalytically converted back to their initial state, releasing heat in the process. Such a reversible photochemical process has been considered for developing molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems. In this review, we introduce the concept, criteria, and state-of-the-art of MOST systems, with an emphasis on the three most promising molecular systems: norbornadiene/quadricyclane, E/Z-azobenzene, and dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene. After discussing the fundamental working principles, we focus on molecular design strategies for improving solar energy storage performance, remaining challenges, and potential focus areas. Finally, we summarize the current molecular incorporation into functional devices and conclude with a perspective on challenges and future directions.

Automated summary

This review introduces the concept, criteria, and state-of-the-art of MOST systems, focusing on three promising molecular systems. The fundamental working principles, molecular design strategies for improving solar energy storage performance, challenges, and potential focus areas are discussed. The review also summarizes current molecular incorporation into functional devices and concludes with a perspective on challenges and future directions.