Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past an Inclined Surface

This paper examines the hybrid nanoparticles and the magnetic field impacts on the mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer caused by an inclined shrinking-stretching surface in a hybrid nanofluid. Silver (Ag) is added into a MgO-water nanofluid to form Ag-MgO-water hybrid nanofluid. By making use of proper similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations. The problem is numerically solved with the help of the MATLAB function bvp4c. The influences of the chosen parameters on the temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate and the skin friction coefficient are addressed and graphically illustrated. The results show that increasing the magnetic parameter substantially improves the heat transfer rate and increases the skin friction coefficient. The findings also suggest that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction phi 2 (Ag) improves the skin friction coefficient while decreasing the heat transfer rate. For both stretching and shrinking instances, non-unique (dual) solutions are discovered. Only the first solution is stable, according to the temporal stability analysis of the dual solutions.

Automated summary

This paper investigates the effects of hybrid nanoparticles and magnetic field on mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer caused by an inclined shrinking-stretching surface in a hybrid nanofluid. Numerical solutions are obtained using MATLAB, showing that increasing the magnetic parameter significantly enhances heat transfer while increasing skin friction coefficient. Additionally, increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction is found to increase skin friction coefficient but decrease heat transfer rate. Multiple solutions are discovered, but only the first solution is stable according to temporal stability analysis.