Aminothiazole-Linked Metal Chelates: Synthesis, Density Functional Theory, and Antimicrobial Studies with Antioxidant Correlations

During the current study, the new aminothiazole Schiff base ligands (S-1) and (S-2) were designed by reacting 1,3-thiazol-2-amine and 6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-amine separately with 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in good yields (68-73%). The ligands were characterized through various analytical, physical, and spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis, H-1 and C-13 NMR, and MS) methods. The ligands were exploited in lieu of chelation with bivalent metal (cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc) chlorides in a 1:2 (M:L) ratio. The spectral (UV-Vis, FT-IR, and MS), as well as magnetic, results suggested their octahedral geometry. The theoretically optimized geometrical structures were examined using the M06/6-311G+(d,p) function of density function theory. Their bioactive nature was designated by global reactivity parameters containing a high hardness (sigma) value of 1.34 eV and a lower softness (eta) value of 0.37 eV. Different microbial species were verified for their potency (in vitro), revealing a strong action. The Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli gave the highest activities of 20 and 21 mm for compounds (8) and (7), respectively. The antifungal activity against the Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus species gave the highest activities of 20 and 18 mm for compounds (7) and (6), respectively. The antioxidant activity, evaluated as DPPH and ferric reducing power, gave the highest inhibition (%) as 72.0 +/- 0.11% (IC50 = 144 +/- 0.11 mu L) and 66.3% (IC50 = 132 +/- 0.11 mu L) for compounds (3) and (8), respectively. All metal complexes were found to be more biocompatible than free ligands due to their chelation phenomenon. The energies of LUMOs had a link with their activities.

Automated summary

In this study, new aminothiazole Schiff base ligands were designed, characterized, and tested for various activities including metal chelation, bioactivity, antimicrobial action, antifungal properties, and antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated their effectiveness in these areas and highlighted the importance of metal complexes and LUMO energies on their activities.