Influence of Temperature and Concentration on the Self-Assembly of Nonionic CiEj Surfactants: A Light Scattering Study

Nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ether (CiEj) surfactants self-assemble into aggregates of various sizes and shapes above their critical micelle concentration (CMC). Knowledge on solution attributes such as CMC as well as aggregate characteristics is crucial to choose the appropriate surfactant for a given application, e.g., as a micellar solvent system. In this work, we used static and dynamic light scattering to measure the CMC, aggregation number (N-agg), and hydrodynamic radius (R-h) of four different CiEj surfactants (C8E5, C8E6, C10E6, and C10E8). We examined the influence of temperature, concentration, and molecular structure on the self-assembly in the vicinity of the CMC. A minimum in the CMC vs temperature curve was identified for all surfactants investigated. Further, extending the hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain lengths leads to an increase and decrease of the CMC, respectively. The size of the aggregates strongly depends on temperature. N-agg and R-h increase with increasing temperature for all surfactants investigated. Additionally, N-agg and R-h both increase with increasing surfactant concentration. The data obtained in this work further improve the understanding of the influence of temperature and molecular structure on the self-assembly of CiEj surfactants and will further foster their use in micellar solvent systems.

Automated summary

This study investigated the self-assembly of different types of CiEj surfactants by measuring their critical micelle concentration (CMC), aggregation number, and hydrodynamic radius. The results showed that temperature, surfactant concentration, and molecular structure all influenced the self-assembly of the surfactants, affecting their sizes and shapes.