Bioactive's Characterization, Biological Activities, and In Silico Studies of Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin Extracts

This study aimed to investigate the thermal stability and biological activities of the phytochemicals from the red onion skins extract, which are a rich source of anthocyanins. Eight anthocyanins were identified in the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, the most abundant ones being cyanidin 3-O-laminaribioside and cyanidin 3-O-(6 & DPRIME;-malonoyl-laminaribioside). The study also involved the assessment of the thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in the 75-155 & DEG;C temperature range. The thermal degradation kinetics was described using the first-order kinetics model. In terms of thermal stability, increasing the temperature resulted in lower half-life values (t(1/2)) and higher degradation rate constant values (k) for both anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the phytochemicals' degradation is a non-spontaneous and endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of the extract was investigated against the enzymes affiliated with metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process diseases. Thus, we also demonstrated that the red onion skins extract exerted inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, lipase, and lipoxygenase. Considering the high content of bioactives and various biological properties, the red onion skins extract is suitable for multiple applications.

Automated summary

This study identified eight anthocyanins in red onion skins extract, with thermal stability decreasing and degradation rate increasing as temperature rises. The extract exhibited inhibitory activity on enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process diseases, making it suitable for multiple applications.