Optimization of sonication-assisted synthesis of magnetic Moringa oleifera as an efficient coagulant for palm oil wastewater treatment

Optimization of the sonication-assisted synthesis of magnetic Moringa oleifera (MMO) was carried out, to produce an efficient coagulant for palm oil mill effluent treatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse the effect of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) composition, sonication time and sonication temperature on coagulation performances to remove total suspended solid (TSS), colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sludge volume index (SVI)). The RSM analyses indicate 1.0 wt% of MNPs, 2.35 min and 50 degrees C as the optimal MNPs mass fraction, sonication time and sonication temperature, respectively in order to fabricate an efficient MMO coagulant. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), indicate that mass fraction of MNPs and sonication temperature are the most significant parameters. From the statistical analysis, the sonication time did not exert any influence on the fabrication of MMO as well as its coagulation performance. At the optimum conditions, 83.3%, 28.1%, 85.2% removal of TSS, colour, COD as well as 485 mLig of SVI were respectively achieved. This paper also present the characterization studies on the synthesized MMO using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

The optimization of sonication-assisted synthesis of magnetic Moringa oleifera (MMO) for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent was investigated. The study demonstrated that MMO exhibited efficient coagulation performance in terms of removing TSS, color, COD, and SVI. The characterization of synthesized MMO was also conducted.