Chemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) Extracts

This study presents the chemical profile of extracts from the pulp and seed of Annona squamosa L., as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. In the chemical prospection, qualitative assays were performed, and the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids were quantified. For the compounds identification, analyses of the extracts were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reduction, 2-DR protection, and beta-carotene protection methods. The assay for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was determined using the method described by Ellman. The secondary metabolites identified were anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, and alkaloids. Phenol analysis showed a higher quantitative value of total phenols and flavonoids for the seed extract, and the vitamin C content was higher in the pulp extract. There was no significant difference in relation to the carotenoids quantification. The best results obtained for antioxidant activity, for both seed and pulp extracts, were with the ABTS method with IC50 of 0.14 +/- 0.02 and 0.38 +/- 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Compared to A. squamosa seed extract, the pulp extract demonstrates higher AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 of 18.82 +/- 0.17 mu g/mL. A. squamosa is a nutritious food source. The continuity of the studies is fundamental to relate the consumption of this food and its effects on neurodegenerative diseases.

Automated summary

This study investigated the chemical profile, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities of Annona squamosa L. extracts. Results showed higher vitamin C content in pulp extract and higher total phenols and flavonoids in seed extract. The ABTS method demonstrated the best antioxidant activity. Pulp extract exhibited higher AChE inhibitory activity compared to seed extract. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between A. squamosa consumption and neurodegenerative diseases.