The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.

Automated summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance result in significant modifications to the lipoprotein profile, including an increased proportion of smaller and denser LDL particles. These changes also impact the composition and structure of LDL, leading to functional alterations that raise the risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. Therapeutic strategies targeting LDL are discussed as potential interventions in managing diabetes-related cardiovascular risks.