CA-125 variation in acute heart failure: a single-centre analysis

Aims A decrease in carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) predicts survival advantage in chronic heart failure (HF); the impact of its variation in acute HF is unknown. We studied the association of CA-125 decrease with prognosis in acute HF. Methods and results We studied acute hospitalized HF patients. Predictors of admission and discharge CA-125 were determined by linear regression. Follow-up was 1 year; endpoint was all-cause death. The association of admission and discharge CA-125 with mortality was assessed using a Cox-regression analysis. A Cox-regression analysis was also used to assess the prognostic impact of CA-125 decrease during hospitalization. Analysis was stratified by length of hospital stay (LOS). We studied 363 patients, 51.5% male, mean age 75 +/- 12 years, 51.5% ischaemic, 30.0% with preserved ejection fraction, and 57.3% with reduced ejection fraction; patients presented elevated comorbidity burden. Median LOS was 7 (5-11) days. In the subgroup of 262 patients with CA-125 measured both at admission and at discharge, we reported a significant increase in its levels: 56.0 (26.0-160.7) U/mL to 74.0 (32.3-195.0) U/ml. Independent predictors of admission CA-125 were higher BNP and lower creatinine. Predictors of discharge CA-125 were higher discharge BNP, lower discharge albumin, and younger age. Both admission and discharge CA-125 predicted mortality. During follow-up, 75 (31.8%) patients died. A decrease in CA-125 predicted a 68% reduction in the 1 year death risk only in patients with LOS > 10 days. Conclusions Our results suggest that an early re-evaluation (>10 days) with CA-125 measurement after an acute HF hospitalization may be of interest in patient management.

Automated summary

A decrease in CA-125 levels in patients with acute heart failure, especially those with a hospital stay of more than 10 days, predicts a lower risk of death within one year, suggesting that re-evaluation with CA-125 measurement after hospitalization may be beneficial for patient management.